[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-154909-en":3,"doc-seo-154909-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},154909,687197207057,"Sage","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0",8,"Research & Report","A Study of Color Association Differences between Americans and Japanese - academic paper","Intercultural communication requires more than linguistic competence: effective exchange depends on the associations shared by speakers in the target language. Indicative associations, linked to literature, customs, and history, often create misunderstandings when Japanese speakers use English with Americans. Color-related associations form a major problem area because Americans and Japanese may use different terms and attach different meanings. The study analyzes common colors, highlights key differences, and outlines what Japanese learners must learn from American cultural conventions.","ED 273134  \nAUTHOR  \nTITLE  \nPUB DATE  \nNOTE  \nPUB TYPE  \nJOURNAL CIT  \nEDRS PRICE  \nDESCRIPTORS  \nIDENTIFIERS  \nABSTRACT  \nDOCUMENT RESUE  \nKitao,Kenji;Kitao,s.Kathleen  \nA Study of Color Association Differences betweenAmericans and Japanese.Apr 8618p.  \nVievpoints(120)--Journal Articles(0B0)Human Communications Studies;v13 p59-75 Spr 1986  \nMF01/PC01 Plus Postage.  \n*Association(Psychology);*Color;ComparativeAnalysis;_Cross Cultural Studies;*Cultural Context;Cultural Traits;Culture Conflict;English(SecondLanguage);*Intercultural Communication;*Semantics*Japanese People;*United States  \nIn intercultural communication,linguistic competencemust be accompanied by an understanding of the associations that thespeakers share.For communicating in a foreign language,the mostimportant kind of association is indicative association,which isrelated to the literature,customs,and history of a people.WhenJapanese people communicate with Americans in English,this kind ofassociation often causes problems,and those related to color are alarge,important group that Japanese people must understand in orderto communicate successfully with Americans.Americans seem to have agreater awareness of color than do Japanese people,with more termsfor colors and shades and more color associations.Americans andJapanese do not necessarily use the same color terms for the sameobjects.They share some color associations,but many are different,and Japanese people_are often_not familiar with color connotations inAmerican culture and daily life,such as the association of blue withdepression,obscenity,nobility,loyalty,strictness,and lack ofoxygen._Since the use of color terminology is frequently based oncultural convention rather than descriptions of reality,Japanese whoCommunicate with Americans need to learn the patterns andsignificance of color expressions in American culture.(MSE)  \n eri   198  \n30273134  \n# A STUDY OF COLOR ASSOCIATION DIFFERENCES\n\nBETWEEN AMERICANS AND JAPANESE  \nKenji Kitao(Doshisha University)  \nS.Kathleen Kitao(Michigan State University)  \n# ABSTRACT\n\nIn communicating with someone of a different culture,lin-guistic competence in the target language is not enough.It isalso necessary to understand the associations that speakers ofthe target language share.Associations help form a bridge be-tween language and meaning.If communicators have differentassociations,they may interpret the same sentence differently.For communicating in a foreign language,the most important typeof association is indicative association,which is related to theliterature,customs,history of a people.When Japanese peoplecommunicate with Americans in English,this is the type of as-sociation that often causes them problems,since they do not knowmuch about the indicative associations of Americans.Associa-tions and conventions related to color are one area of indicativeassociations that may cause problems for Japanese people communi-cating in English.In this paper,we discuss the associationsthat Japanese and Americans have for common colors and some ofthe differences between these associations.  \n容  \n\"PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THISMATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BYeny长e0  \nTO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCESINFORMATION CENTER(ERIC).\"  \n118.DEPARTMENT OF EDuCATIONOHce olEducalOnai Research and ImprOvementEDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATIONCENTER(ERIC)  \n21Thi document ha8 been teproduced areceIvod lrom the person ot organizationDriginatingit  \n□ Minor changes have been made to imProvereproduction quality          \nPoints ol view or opinuonsstated in this document do not necessBrily represent ofhicialOERI postion or policy  \n# Introduction\n\nJapanese people often have difficulty communicating withAmericans in English.Sometimes these problems are related tolinguistic problems,but communication barriers are also often re-lated to inadequate knowledge of the thought patterns of Americansand the associations that Americans share.1  \nLanguages can be compared on different levels.  A linguisticconpariso","cbCaipxgDE2POhEJ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipxgDE2POhEJ","pdf",222031,1,18,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## Association\n## Color-related indicative associations\n## Color meanings in American vs Japanese communication","[{\"question\":\"Why is linguistic competence not sufficient in intercultural communication?\",\"answer\":\"Because communication also depends on the associations speakers share in the target language. Different associations can lead people to interpret the same sentence differently.\"},{\"question\":\"What is indicative association, and why does it cause problems for Japanese speakers using English?\",\"answer\":\"Indicative association is tied to a people’s literature, customs, and history. Japanese speakers may not know these associations in American culture, making certain expressions difficult to understand.\"},{\"question\":\"How do color association differences affect Japanese–American communication?\",\"answer\":\"Americans often have greater awareness of color, with more terms and different connotations. Japanese speakers may be unfamiliar with American color meanings used in daily life and may misunderstand statements like “I feel blue.”\"}]","A Study of Color Association Differences between Americans and Japanese - academic paper | PDF",1787900803,45,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":87,"head_meta":89,"extra_data":91,"updated_unix":28},"a-study-of-color-association-differences-between-americans-and-japanese-academic-paper","",{"@graph":36,"@context":86},[37,54,69],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/a-study-of-color-association-differences-between-americans-and-japanese-academic-paper/154909/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":63,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":64,"interactionStatistic":65},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-06","2026-08-28",true,{"@type":66,"interactionType":67,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":68},"ViewAction",{"@type":70,"mainEntity":71},"FAQPage",[72,78,82],{"name":73,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":75},"Why is linguistic competence not sufficient in intercultural communication?","Question",{"text":76,"@type":77},"Because communication also depends on the associations speakers share in the target language. Different associations can lead people to interpret the same sentence differently.","Answer",{"name":79,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":80},"What is indicative association, and why does it cause problems for Japanese speakers using English?",{"text":81,"@type":77},"Indicative association is tied to a people’s literature, customs, and history. Japanese speakers may not know these associations in American culture, making certain expressions difficult to understand.",{"name":83,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":84},"How do color association differences affect Japanese–American communication?",{"text":85,"@type":77},"Americans often have greater awareness of color, with more terms and different connotations. Japanese speakers may be unfamiliar with American color meanings used in daily life and may misunderstand statements like “I feel blue.”","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":88,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":90,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":93},[94,98,102,106,111,116,121,124,129,132,136],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":95,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":97},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":99,"show_sort_weight":100,"slug":101},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":113,"show_sort_weight":114,"slug":115},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":118,"show_sort_weight":119,"slug":120},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":122,"slug":123},30,"research-report",{"id":125,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":126,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":128},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":130,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":131},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":133,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":134,"show_sort_weight":133,"slug":135},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":137,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":138,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":139},19,"General","general"]