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A model for pre-service teachers’ MAR usage is developed using UTAUT, TAM, and ECM, with MARLCardio as an experimental learning tool. Survey data from 456 pre-service teachers are analyzed via structural equation modelling. Results show that facilitating condition strengthens positive attitude and continuance intention, while performance expectancy drives acceptance of MAR.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/a-structural-model-of-pre-service-teachers-attitude-acceptance-and-continuance-intention-towards-mobile-augmented-reality-research-article/600397/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/a-structural-model-of-pre-service-teachers-attitude-acceptance-and-continuance-intention-towards-mobile-augmented-reality-research-article/600397.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"OmBimo","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the purpose of the study on mobile augmented reality in education?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study formulates a model to enhance MAR use and to explain factors affecting pre-service teachers’ attitude, acceptance, and intention to continue using MAR in learning.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which theoretical frameworks underpin the proposed MAR structural model?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The model integrates the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), and the Expectation Confirmation Model (ECM).",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What key factors were found to influence attitude, acceptance, and continuance intention?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Facilitating condition plays a crucial role in shaping positive attitude and continuance intention, while performance expectancy strongly influences acceptance of MAR.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},600397,1792168029,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":41},962090893581,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Contemporary Educational Technology, 2024, 16(4), ep531  \n ISSN: 1309-517X (Online)   \n OPEN ACCESS  Research Article  \nA structural model of pre-service teachers’ attitude, acceptance, and continuance intention towards mobile augmented reality  \nNur Nabihah Mohamad Nizar 1  \n 0000-0002-2201-4054  \nHutkemri Zulnaidi 2*  \n 0000-0002-7799-1223  \nAnnisaa Basar 1  \n 0009-0008-8675-9005  \nSiti Zuraida Maaruf 3  \n 0000-0001-6103-961X  \n1 Department of Educational Foundations and Humanities, Faculty of Education, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA  \n2 Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Education, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA  \n3 Department of Art and Design Education, Faculty of Education, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, MALAYSIA  \n* Corresponding author: [hutkemri@um.edu. my](hutkemri@um.edu. my)  \nCitation: Nizar, N. N. M., Zulnaidi, H., Basar, A., & Maaruf, S. Z. (2024) . A structural model of pre-service teachers’ attitude, acceptance, and continuance intention towards mobile augmented reality. Contemporary Educational Technology, 16(4), ep531. [https://doi.org/10.30935/cedtech/15160](https://doi.org/10.30935/cedtech/15160)  \nARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT  \nReceived: 14 May 2024  \nAccepted: 27 Aug 2024  \nThe increasing prevalence of mobile augmented reality (MAR) has garnered attention in contemporary times. However, its application within educational settings remains largely untapped, primarily due to its predominant utilization in entertainment domains. MAR presents opportunities for augmenting learning experiences, fostering enhanced adaptability in educational methodologies, and enriching students’ academic endeavors. Therefore, this study aims to enhance the use of MAR and formulates a model of MAR usage for pre-service teachers. In the context of this study, MAR learning cardiovascular (MARLCardio) serves as an experimental tool for exemplifying the features of MAR. This study integrates the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), and Expectation Confirmation Model (ECM) as underpinning theories. This study was undertaken to determine factors that influence pre-service teachers’ attitude, acceptance, and their intention to continue using MAR in the learning process. Responses from 456 pre-service teachers through a survey were analyzed using structural equation modelling. Findings in this study found that pre-service teachers agree that facilitating condition play a crucial role in shaping pre-service teachers’ positive attitude and influencing their intention to continue using MAR. Meanwhile, performance expectancy plays a major role in ensuring pre-service teachers’ acceptance of using MAR in their learning process. It was anticipated that the formulated MAR structural model would offer insights and support forthcoming research endeavors aimed at fostering the sustainability of MAR utilization.  \nKeywords: mobile augmented reality, structural equation modelling, unified theory of acceptance and use of technology, technology acceptance model, expectation confirmation model  \nINTRODUCTION  \nThe 21st century has witnessed a significant integration of technology into the global education sector. This integration has led to the introduction and advancement of various digital technologies, influencing all levels of educational environments. Presently, students utilize laptops, desktop computers, and mobile devices such as tablets as tools for their learning journey. This trend aligns with the objectives outlined in the ‘ Malaysia education blueprint 2013-2025’, which emphasizes the need for higher education institutions to enrich students’ learning experiences by harnessing technology for more personalized learning (Ministry of Education Malaysia, 2015). This initiative stands as a cornerstone for nurturing well-rounded, entrepreneurial individuals.  \nA few years ago, Malaysian higher education students showed moderate readin","cbCaigmdGi56N6YD","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigmdGi56N6YD","pdf",360535,12,"English","# Introduction\n## Context for mobile augmented reality in education\n## Challenges and research background","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of the study on mobile augmented reality in education?\",\"answer\":\"The study formulates a model to enhance MAR use and to explain factors affecting pre-service teachers’ attitude, acceptance, and intention to continue using MAR in learning.\"},{\"question\":\"Which theoretical frameworks underpin the proposed MAR structural model?\",\"answer\":\"The model integrates the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), and the Expectation Confirmation Model (ECM).\"},{\"question\":\"What key factors were found to influence attitude, acceptance, and continuance intention?\",\"answer\":\"Facilitating condition plays a crucial role in shaping positive attitude and continuance intention, while performance expectancy strongly influences acceptance of MAR.\"}]","A structural model of pre-service teachers’ attitude, acceptance, and continuance intention towards mobile augmented reality - Research article | PDF",1792090608]