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It also enables patient education, communication, and co-management, yet intra-oral imaging is hindered by inaccessible regions, differing movable versus fixed tissues, contamination with saliva or blood, and variable illumination. This work proposes a standardized, systematic intra- and extra-oral documentation protocol, specifying equipment, operator/patient positioning, tissue retraction methods, intra-oral mirrors, and key camera settings to improve efficiency and consistency for dental professionals.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/a-standardized-approach-to-extra-oral-and-intra-oral-digital-photography/608563/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/a-standardized-approach-to-extra-oral-and-intra-oral-digital-photography/608563.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Jacob","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-19","2026-10-17",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why is standardized digital photography important in dentistry?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It improves diagnostic accuracy, supports treatment planning and evaluation, and enables consistent comparison before and after care. Standardization also helps create a reliable visual record over time.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What problems make intra-oral photography difficult?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Inaccessible areas to capture, contamination with saliva or blood, differences between movable and fixed tissues, and varying illumination across locations all complicate intra-oral imaging.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What does the article cover to standardize dental photography?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It specifies appropriate equipment (camera bodies, macro lens, flashes), recommended operator and patient positions and postures, techniques for tissue retraction, use of intra-oral mirrors, and essential camera settings such as F-stop, ISO, shutter speed, and white balance.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},608563,1792368133,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962084931830,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","A Standardized Approach to Extra-Oral and Intra-Oral Digital Photography  \nJun Ming Darrell Ong*,1 , Gazelle Jean Crasto*,1 , Erica Jade Anwar2 , Rachel Brooke 1 , Philip Kang 1  \n1 2  \nDepartment of Periodontics, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine Discipline of Periodontics, National University of Singapore Faculty of  \nDentistry  \n*  \nThese authors contributed equally  \nCorresponding Authors  \n\n| Jun Ming Darrell Ong\u003Cbr>[Djo2134@cumc.columbia.edu](Djo2134@cumc.columbia.edu)\u003Cbr>Gazelle Jean Crasto\u003Cbr>[gjc2144@cumc.columbia.edu](gjc2144@cumc.columbia.edu)\u003Cbr>Philip Kang\u003Cbr>[pyk2104@cumc.columbia.edu](pyk2104@cumc.columbia.edu)\u003Cbr>Citation |\n| --- |\n| Ong, J. M. D. , Crasto, G.J. , Anwar, E.J. , Brooke, R. , Kang, P. A Standardized Approach to Extra-Oral and Intra-Oral Digital Photography. J. Vis. Exp. (185), e63627, doi:10 .3791/63627 (2022) .\u003Cbr>Date Published |\n| July 22, 2022\u003Cbr>DOI |\n| 10.3791/63627\u003Cbr>URL |\n\n[jove.com/video/63627](jove.com/video/63627)  \nIntroduction  \nAbstract  \nContemporary dentistry mandates a more comprehensive and personalized analysis of each patient. Technological advances in digital photography have played vital roles in diagnostic accuracy, treatment planning, execution of therapies, and outcome evaluations, including esthetic enhancement. Digital photography also provides an excellent platform for patient education, communication, and co-management of cases with other healthcare providers. However, intra-oral photography often faces challenges such as inaccessibility of areas to be captured, different moveable vs. fixed tissues involved, contamination with saliva or blood, and differing illumination needson various locations. Thus, a more standardized and systematic approach is proposed for intra- and extra-oral documentation via digital photography to overcome the existing technical challenges. The current work will outline the appropriate equipment specifications (camera bodies, macro lens, and flashes), positions and postures of the operator and patients, proper techniques of tissue retraction, the use of appropriate intra-oral mirrors, and the essential elements such as aperture settings (F-stop), ISO, shutter speed, and white balance. This article aims to provide all dental professionals with an approachable linear array of guidelines to produce simplified and standardized visual tools for more efficient and effective documentation.  \nThe approach to the clinical practice of dentistry has evolved over the decades to include a conceptual framework of clinical reasoning based on empirical evidence 1 . As such, digital documentation now serves as an integral part of the framework on which clinical decisions are made, and evolution of care is observed2 . The purpose exceeds mere  \nprimary legal records and now encompasses a plethora of extensions that include active mode of communication with patients, educational tools for dental members, educators, and colleagues, visual aids for technicians, and finally, effective marketing3 .  \nCopyright © 2022 JoVE Journal of Visualized Experiments [jove.com](jove.com) July 2022 • 185 • e63627 • Page 1 of 17  \nDental photography is often mistakenly construed as technically challenging and plagued with hurdles4 . Clinicians find incorporating dental photography to be laborious, an additive task to an already complex series of events that generally occur during patient consultations or treatment. Capturing the essence of a treatment can be technically daunting, especially when it involves purchasing a series of equipment and assembling them further. Even more, the tandem application of the equipment and initial learning curve has been known to deter clinicians from adopting this modality routinely. Additionally, clinicians who overcome the initial intimidation find themselves wrought with the intricacies of the environment they are capturing. The oral cavity has several movable and fixed components. The different fields of view, tissue hydration ","cbCaibRgWhOSNPpG","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibRgWhOSNPpG","pdf",2124143,17,"English","# Introduction\n## Standardized approach and purpose\n## Camera and supporting infrastructure\n### Camera types and sensor recommendations","[{\"question\":\"Why is standardized digital photography important in dentistry?\",\"answer\":\"It improves diagnostic accuracy, supports treatment planning and evaluation, and enables consistent comparison before and after care. Standardization also helps create a reliable visual record over time.\"},{\"question\":\"What problems make intra-oral photography difficult?\",\"answer\":\"Inaccessible areas to capture, contamination with saliva or blood, differences between movable and fixed tissues, and varying illumination across locations all complicate intra-oral imaging.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the article cover to standardize dental photography?\",\"answer\":\"It specifies appropriate equipment (camera bodies, macro lens, flashes), recommended operator and patient positions and postures, techniques for tissue retraction, use of intra-oral mirrors, and essential camera settings such as F-stop, ISO, shutter speed, and white balance.\"}]","A Standardized Approach to Extra-Oral and Intra-Oral Digital Photography | PDF",1792272317,43]