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This study investigates tribal insults in the utterances of Yoruba language users in Nigeria, using conversational implicature and referential theory as a framework. With participatory observation and recorded utterances, findings show insults portraying some tribes as less human and transferring abusive words to ethnic groups via simile and metaphor. The paper recommends actions to curb this menace to strengthen unity in diversity.",{"@graph":14,"@context":72},[15,34,55],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/literature/","Literature",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/a-socio-pragmatic-investigation-of-language-of-insults-in-the-utterances-of-yoruba-natives-in-nigeria-investigates-indirect-tribal-insults-in-a-socio-pragmatic-context/590028/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/a-socio-pragmatic-investigation-of-language-of-insults-in-the-utterances-of-yoruba-natives-in-nigeria-investigates-indirect-tribal-insults-in-a-socio-pragmatic-context/590028.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Cart","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":22},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",{"@type":56,"mainEntity":57},"FAQPage",[58,64,68],{"name":59,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":61},"What is the main focus of the study on Yoruba language users?","Question",{"text":62,"@type":63},"The study examines how indirect tribal insults are deployed in a socio-pragmatic context to humiliate other tribes in Nigeria.","Answer",{"name":65,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":66},"Which theoretical frameworks guide the analysis?",{"text":67,"@type":63},"The paper adopts conversational implicature and referential theory as the theoretical framework.",{"name":69,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":70},"What types of findings does the study report about tribal insults?",{"text":71,"@type":63},"It reports that insulting language can portray some tribes as less human and that abuses can be transferred to ethnic groups through simile and metaphor, with personal negative attitudes reflected in ethnic-group insults.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":74,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":76,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":78,"site_id":7},590028,1792667930,{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":82},"success",[83,87,90,94,99,104,109,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":84,"show_sort_weight":85,"slug":86},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":88,"slug":89},80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":91,"show_sort_weight":92,"slug":93},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":95,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":96,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":98},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":100,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":101,"show_sort_weight":102,"slug":103},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":105,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":106,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":108},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":110,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":131},{"doc_id":78,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":26,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":22,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":100,"language":139,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":143,"read_time":115},18829141979164,"https://eur-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Advances in Language and Literary Studies  \nISSN: 2203-4714  \n[www.alls.aiac.org.au](www.alls.aiac.org.au)  \n| A Socio-pragmatic Investigation of Language of Insults in the Utterances of Yoruba Natives in Nigeria\u003Cbr>Farinde R. O1, Omolaiye H. O2\u003Cbr>1Department of English and Literary Studies, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria 2Department of General Studies, The Federal Polytechnics, Ile-Oluji, Ondo State, Nigeria Corresponding Author: Farinde R. O, [E-mail: mikh_fad75@yahoo.com](E-mail: mikh_fad75@yahoo.com) |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| ARTICLE INFO | ABSTRACT\u003Cbr>An utterance is neither seen nor touched but capable of making or marring an individual, group or a nation depending on how it is used. Thus, positive utterances ensure peace and tranquility ina society while negative utterances usually tear a nation apart. Language of insult is a negative utterance that usually produces, hatred, war, or disunity in the society. This paper, therefore, investigated the language of tribal insult in the utterances of Yoruba language users. Adopting conversational Implicature and Referential Theory as a theoretical framework, the study examined the language of tribal insults in the utterances of Yoruba users of Yoruba language. Employing participatory observation and recorded utterances in informal settings with the native speakers of Yoruba, the researchers discovered that the use of language of tribal insults among the Yoruba speakers has presented some tribes less humans. Also, some words are carelessly used to insult a nation, abuser’s insults are being transferred to ethnic groups with he use simile and metaphor, and negative attitude of a particular person becomes an insult to an ethnic group. The insults ranges from “theft”,“promiscuity”, “stinginess”, “privilege abuse”, “dirtiness” to “inferiority complex”. The implication of the insults is that some tribes are seen as being worthiness. The study, therefore, recommends that government should put machinery in motion to check this menace in order to promote unity in diversity. |\n| Article history\u003Cbr>Received: September 04, 2020\u003Cbr>Accepted: November 11, 2020\u003Cbr>Published: December 31, 2020\u003Cbr>Volume: 11 Issue: 6\u003Cbr>Advance access: December 2020 |  |\n| Conflicts of interest: None\u003Cbr>Funding: None |  |\n| Key words:\u003Cbr>Implicature, Tribal Insults, National Cohesion, Yoruba, Language, Utterances, Nigeria |  |\n\nINTRODUCTION  \nIt is so pathetic that the use of language sometimes threatens the unity of Nigeria. Of recent, Mohammadu Buhari led administration has frowned at what it is termed as “hates speech”, thereby placing sanction on such derogatory expressions. This so-called “hate speech”, got its off-shoot from tribal insult. However, tribal insult was relatively attended to, hence aggravated to what is now referred to as “hate speech”. Therefore, the aim and the goal of this research are to examine how indirect tribal insults are deployed in a socio-pragmatic context to humiliate other tribes in Nigeria. By so doing, useful suggestions would be offered to correct the negative use of language in order to promote unity in diversity in Nigeria. Let us briefly examine what insult is via utterances.  \nAn utterance is neither seen nor touched but capable of making or marring an individual, group or a nation depending on how it is used. Thus, an acceptable utterance ensures peace and tranquility in a society while unacceptable utterance usually causes hatred, war or disunity in a nation. A  \ngood example of an unacceptable utterance is “insult”. Advanced Learner’s Dictionary simply defines the term“insult” as “an offensive remark or action”. Insult could be either verbal or non-verbal. However, the focus of this study is on verbal insult as it beams its searchlight on how language is used in a socio-pragmatic context. Insult (verbal), therefore, can now be conveniently defined as an unpleasant expression that makes someone upset or offended. It is a typeof linguistic taboo which exists in diffe","cbCaiaQSx2DmOMdM","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiaQSx2DmOMdM","pdf",222427,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Concept of insult and verbal/linguistic taboo\n## Indirect tribal insults (definition of terms)","[{\"question\":\"What is the main focus of the study on Yoruba language users?\",\"answer\":\"The study examines how indirect tribal insults are deployed in a socio-pragmatic context to humiliate other tribes in Nigeria.\"},{\"question\":\"Which theoretical frameworks guide the analysis?\",\"answer\":\"The paper adopts conversational implicature and referential theory as the theoretical framework.\"},{\"question\":\"What types of findings does the study report about tribal insults?\",\"answer\":\"It reports that insulting language can portray some tribes as less human and that abuses can be transferred to ethnic groups through simile and metaphor, with personal negative attitudes reflected in ethnic-group insults.\"}]","A Socio-pragmatic Investigation of Language of Insults in the Utterances of Yoruba Natives in Nigeria - Investigates indirect tribal insults in a socio-pragmatic context | PDF",1792068640]