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This study used single-cell RNA sequencing to construct a distinct tumor microenvironment (TME) map from 52,739 single cells. Heterogeneous fibroblast populations were identified across three pathological types, with immune activation enriched in inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMT). BIRC5+ cell subpopulations were observed in primary tracheal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). Ligand-receptor analysis highlighted enhanced PPIA/CD147 signaling during tumor and CD8+ T cell interactions, and multiplex immunofluorescence validated separate cell entities.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/a-single-cell-atlas-reveals-the-tumorigenesis-and-microenvironment-status-of-primary-tracheobronchial-tumors-research-report/450415/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/a-single-cell-atlas-reveals-the-tumorigenesis-and-microenvironment-status-of-primary-tracheobronchial-tumors-research-report/450415.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Connor ","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-03","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the main goal of this study on PTBTs?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To provide a comprehensive understanding of the molecular and cellular features of PTBTs and their tumor microenvironment using single-cell data.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was the tumor microenvironment of PTBTs analyzed?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The study performed single-cell RNA sequencing and identified a TME landscape based on 52,739 single cells.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which signaling pathway showed strong upregulation during tumor and CD8+ T cell interactions?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Ligand-receptor analysis found strong upregulation of the PPIA/CD147 pair during tumor and CD8+ T cell interactions.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},450415,1790816539,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":36},687207022233,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","npj | precision oncology Article  \n\n| Published in partnership with The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota |  | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| [https://doi.org/10.1038/s41698-025-01203-1](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41698-025-01203-1) |  |  |\n| A single-cell atlas reveals the tumorigenesis and microenvironment status of primarytracheobronchialtumors\u003Cbr> Check for updates |  |  |\n| Chen Shu1,2,7, Xiyang Tang1,7, Kaifu Zheng1,3,7, Runze Zhang1,7, Yulong Zhou1, Mengchao Li1, Weiguang Du1, Yuquan Bai1, Yang Shen1, Yujian Liu4, Haitang Yang5, Feng Yao5, Xiaolong Yan1 , Nan Ma6  & Jinbo Zhao1  |  |  |\n| Primarytracheobronchialtumors(PTBTs)can often be successfullytreated by surgery;however, more effective strategies are still warranted for advance tumor cases. The present study aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the molecular and cellular features of PTBTs, along with the tumor microenvironment (TME) . By performing single-cell RNA, we revealed a distinct TME landscape of PTBTs containing 52,739 single cells. For instance, these three pathological types were found have heterogeneous fibroblast populations, immune cells were more activated in inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) . Notably, a subpopulation of BIRC5+ cells was identified in primary tracheal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) samples, which may have similar properties to cancer stem cells(CSCs) . Moreover, IMT was characterized by the infiltration of pro-inflammatory immune cells, and might be a benign tumor. Importantly, based on ligandreceptor analysis,thePPIA/CD147pair was foundtobe strongly upregulated duringtumor and CD8+ T cell interactions. By applying multiplex immunofluorescence for selected markers, we validated the presence of the separate cell entities. Our findings provide deeper insights into the biology of PTBTs, which may be beneficial for advancing the diagnosis and therapy of PTBTs. |  |  |\n| Primary tracheobronchial tumors (PTBTs) are rare lesions that can be benign or malignant. However, regardless of their pathological nature, they can posea serious threat to the life ofpatients as they can lead to obstruction ofthe airways. Cancers ofthe trachea, bronchus, and lungs represent a huge economic burden worldwide1,2. Of note, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) account for more than two-thirds of all PTBT cases3,4. Importantly, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is usually regarded as a benign and interstitial origin airway tumor5. PTBTs with size less than 6 cm are commonly treated by surgical resection, but this approach is often ineffective once the tracheal resection length exceeds 50% in adults or 30% in children, as tension-free anastomosis fails, regardless of whether the adjacent tissue has been loosened6–8. Therefore, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and interventional therapy remain the major methods for | patients with inoperable PTBTs despite their unsatisfactory efficacy9, 10. Hence, it is of great value to explore a new succedaneous approach for PTBTs patients with inoperable resection or recurrence.\u003Cbr>Nowadays, Immunotherapy is commonly used to specifically target immune checkpoint molecules, such as programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1)11, and thus enhance the immune response against multiple types of cancer cells, thereby preventing their growth and progression12–14. The basic principle of immunotherapy involves the activation of CD8+ T cells and other tumor-killing immune cells, a prerequisite for the clinical immunotherapy implementation15, 16. PTBTs were reported to express high levels of PD-L1 in 95% ofSCC cells, indicating that these cells may be more sensitive to immunotherapy than other types of PTBTs17. After investigating the expression of PD-L1 and |  |\n\n1Department of thoracic surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China. 2Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The 902nd Hospital of the Chi","cbCaircRUKJw9tRJ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaircRUKJw9tRJ","pdf",8090226,16,"English","# Background and clinical need\n## Surgical limitations for PTBTs\n## Immunotherapy and immune-cell activation in PTBTs\n# Study aims and approach\n## Single-cell RNA-sequencing strategy\n## Construction of the TME landscape\n# Key findings\n## Heterogeneous fibroblasts across pathological types\n## Activated immune profile in IMT\n## BIRC5+ subpopulation in SCC and ACC\n## Ligand-receptor signaling in tumor-CD8+ interactions\n# Validation and implications\n## Multiplex immunofluorescence verification\n## Relevance to diagnosis and therapy","[{\"question\":\"What was the main goal of this study on PTBTs?\",\"answer\":\"To provide a comprehensive understanding of the molecular and cellular features of PTBTs and their tumor microenvironment using single-cell data.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the tumor microenvironment of PTBTs analyzed?\",\"answer\":\"The study performed single-cell RNA sequencing and identified a TME landscape based on 52,739 single cells.\"},{\"question\":\"Which signaling pathway showed strong upregulation during tumor and CD8+ T cell interactions?\",\"answer\":\"Ligand-receptor analysis found strong upregulation of the PPIA/CD147 pair during tumor and CD8+ T cell interactions.\"}]","A single-cell atlas reveals the tumorigenesis and microenvironment status of primary tracheobronchial tumors - research report | PDF",1790733155]