[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-40983-en":3,"doc-seo-40983-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},40983,1374391974564,"Clementine","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/14000253aa45c000a9e?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779874745381141002",2,"Literature","A Short History of Modern Philosophy","A Short History of Modern Philosophy by Roger Scruton provides a synthetic, analytical survey of Western philosophy from Descartes to Wittgenstein. The revised edition responds to recent scholarly debates, expands and updates the bibliography, and retains a clear, accessible style. The book guides readers through rationalism, empiricism, Kantian idealism, major political transformations, and recent developments, connecting principal thinkers and core arguments that shaped modern philosophy.","A SHORT HISTORY OF MODERN PHILOSOPHY  \nThis new edition of Roger Scruton’s widely acclaimed Short History covers all the major thinkers in the Western tradition, from Descartes to Wittgenstein. It is an ideal introduction to philosophical history for all those with an interest in this fascinating subject.  \nIn order to reflect recent debates and advances in scholarship and in response to the explosion of interest in the history of philosophy, Roger Scruton has substantially revised his book, while retaining the lucid and accessible style of the original version. He has also enlarged and updated the bibliography.  \nA Short History of Modern Philosophy will make excellent reading for anyone who would like to understand the principal ideas and arguments that have shaped modern philosophy.  \nRoger Scruton is well known as a writer, broadcaster and journalist. He has written numerous books, including The Meaning of Conservatism, Sexual Desire and Xanthippic Dialogues.  \nRelated titles from Routledge:  \nPhilosophy: The Basics  \nNigel Warburton  \nClassical Modern Philosophers  \nRichard Schacht  \nThe Continental Philosophy Reader  \nEdited by Richard Kearney and Mara Rainwater  \nA Dictionary of Philosophy  \nA.R.Lacey  \nRoger Scruton A Short History of Modern Philosophy  \nFrom Descartes to Wittgenstein  \nSecond edition  \nLondon and New York  \nFirst published in 1981 as From Descartes to Wittgenstein ARK edition 1984  \nSecond revised and enlarged edition published 1995  \nby Routledge  \n11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge  \n29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 © Roger Scruton 1981, 1984, 1995  \nRoutledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group  \nThis edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2002.  \nThe right of Roger Scruton to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designsand Patents Act 1988.  \nAll rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.  \nBritish Library Cataloguing in Publication Data  \nA catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.  \nLibrary of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book has been requested.  \nISBN 0-203-19883-2 Master e-book ISBN  \nISBN 0-203-19886-7 (Adobe eReader Format)  \nISBN 0-415-13327-0 (hbk)  \nISBN 0-415-13035-2 (pbk)  \nCONTENTS  \nPREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION VII  \nPREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION XI  \nIntroduction  \n1 History of philosophy and history of ideas 3  \n2 The rise of modern philosophy 12  \nPart One: Rationalism  \n3 Descartes 27  \n4 The Cartesian revolution 38  \n5 Spinoza 47  \n6 Leibniz 64  \nPart Two: Empiricism  \n7 Locke and Berkeley 79  \n8 The idea of a moral science 102  \n9 Hume 115  \nPart Three: Kant and idealism  \n10 Kant I: The Critique of Pure Reason 133  \n11 Kant II: Ethics and aesthetics 144  \n12 Hegel 161  \n13 Reactions: Schopenhauer, Kierkegaard and Nietzsche 176  \nPart Four: The political transformation  \n14 Political philosophy from Hobbes to Hegel 193  \n15 Marx 208  \n16 Utilitarianism and after 222  \nPart Five: Recent philosophy  \n17 Frege 237  \n18 Phenomenology and existentialism 250  \n19 Wittgenstein 267  \nBIBLIOGRAPHY 280  \nINDEX 296  \nP REFACE TO THE F IRST E DITION  \nThis book provides a synthetic vision of the history of modern philosophy, from an analytical perspective. It is necessarily selective, but I hope that I have identified the principal figures, and the principal intellectual preoccupations, that have formed Western philosophy since Descartes. It is, I believe, fruitful to approach these matters from the standpoint of analytical philosophy, which in recent years has become interested in the history which it ha","cbCaipqxCqrh3kpG","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipqxCqrh3kpG","pdf",815332,6,1,315,"English","en",105,"# Preface to the First Edition\n# Preface to the Second Edition\n# Introduction\n# History of Philosophy and History of Ideas\n# The Rise of Modern Philosophy\n# Part One: Rationalism\n# Part Two: Empiricism\n# Part Three: Kant and Idealism\n# Part Four: The Political Transformation\n# Part Five: Recent Philosophy\n# Bibliography\n# Index","[{\"question\":\"What time span and tradition does the book cover?\",\"answer\":\"It covers the history of modern philosophy in the Western tradition, moving from Descartes to Wittgenstein.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the book’s overall approach?\",\"answer\":\"It offers a synthetic, necessarily selective perspective from an analytical standpoint, emphasizing principal figures and intellectual preoccupations.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the second edition differ from the first?\",\"answer\":\"The second edition substantially revises the text to reflect recent debates, enlarges and updates the bibliography, and keeps the original lucid, accessible 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