[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-122626-en":3,"doc-seo-122626-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},122626,1099513958762,"Logic","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/1000023916a998db790?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1784791008015729253",8,"Research & Report","A review on the application of computer vision and machine learning in the tea industry","Reviewing the past decade’s use of computer vision and machine learning in tea, the paper links these methods to three key stages: cultivation, harvesting, and processing. It summarizes progress in sensor technologies and advanced AI algorithms, including vision-based harvesting equipment, disease detection, and tea product classification. The review also identifies current limitations and highlights emerging opportunities from UAVs, vision navigation, soft robotics, and multimodal monitoring for intelligent and sustainable tea development.","TYPE Review  \nPUBLISHED 20 April 2023  \nDOI 10. 3389/fsufs.2023.1172543  \nOPEN ACCESS  \nEDITED BY  \nSamuel Ayofemi Olalekan Adeyeye, Hindustan University, India  \nREVIEWED BY  \nSeyed-Hassan Miraei Ashtiani, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran Tobi Fadiji,  \nStellenbosch University, South Africa  \n*CORRESPONDENCE  \nJinan Gu  \n [gujinan@tsinghua.org.cn](gujinan@tsinghua.org.cn)  \nRECEIVED 23 February 2023  \nACCEPTED 31 March 2023  \nPUBLISHED 20 April 2023  \nCITATION  \nWang H, Gu J and Wang M (2023) A review on the application of computer vision and machine learning in the tea industry.  \nFront. Sustain. Food Syst. 7:1172543 .  \ndoi: 10.3389/fsufs.2023.1172543  \nCOPYRIGHT  \n© 2023 Wang, Gu and Wang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s)  \nare credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.  \nA review on the application of computer vision and machine learning in the tea industry  \nHuajia Wang, Jinan Gu* and Mengni Wang  \nDepartment of Intelligent Manufacturing Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China  \nTea is rich in polyphenols, vitamins, and protein, which is good for health and tastes great. As a result, tea is very popular and has become the second most popular beverage in the world after water. For this reason, it is essential to improve the yield and quality of tea. In this paper, we review the application of computer vision and machine learning in the tea industry in the last decade, covering three crucial stages: cultivation, harvesting, and processing of tea. We found that many advanced artificial intelligence algorithms and sensor technologies have been used in tea, resulting in some vision-based tea harvesting equipment and disease detection methods. However, these applications focus on the identification of tea buds, the detection of several common diseases, and the classification of tea products. Clearly, the current applications have limitations and are insu􀀈cient for the intelligent and sustainable development of the tea field. The current fruitful developments in technologies related to UAVs, vision navigation, soft robotics, and sensors have the potential to provide new opportunities for vision-based tea harvesting machines, intelligent tea garden management, and multimodal-based tea processing monitoring. Therefore, research and development combining computer vision and machine learning is undoubtedly a future trend in the tea industry.  \nKEYWORDS  \ncomputer vision, machine learning, tea, precision agriculture, harvest  \n1. Introduction  \nTea is the second most consumed beverage in the world after water. The production and processing of tea is a signi􀀂cant source of livelihood for numerous households in developing countries (United Nations, 2022a) . Tea is very popular with the public, and it has bene􀀂ciale􀀓ects on many diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, with its rich polyphenol content (Khan and Mukhtar, 2018; Xu et al., 2019; Alam et al., 2022). According to publicly available data (Food Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - FAO, 2022), from 2016 to 2020, the tea production of the three largest tea-producing countries in the world showed an overall upward trend, with China ranking 􀀂rst in the world in terms of tea production. However, tea yield is lower than in other tea-producing countries and is on a downward trend, from 976.6kg per hectare in 2016 to 886.7kg per hectare in 2020, as shown in Figure 1 . Therefore, it is necessary for tea farmers to adopt sustainable methods to improve the yield and quality of tea while reducing costs (Bechar and Vigneault, 2016) . Tea is not o","cbCainK0Oyhqfyrg","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainK0Oyhqfyrg","pdf",2155504,1,16,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## Motivation and context for intelligent tea production\n## Prior advances in machine vision and robotics for agriculture\n## Specific challenges of tea compared with other crops","[{\"question\":\"Which three stages of the tea industry does the review focus on?\",\"answer\":\"The review covers cultivation, harvesting, and processing of tea.\"},{\"question\":\"What types of applications does the review report for computer vision and machine learning in tea?\",\"answer\":\"Reported applications include vision-based tea harvesting equipment, disease detection methods, and classification of tea products.\"},{\"question\":\"Why are current intelligent approaches considered insufficient?\",\"answer\":\"The review notes that current applications have limitations and are not adequate for intelligent and sustainable development of the tea field.\"}]","A review on the application of computer vision and machine learning in the tea industry | PDF",1785811786,40,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"a-review-on-the-application-of-computer-vision-and-machine-learning-in-the-tea-industry","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,54,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/a-review-on-the-application-of-computer-vision-and-machine-learning-in-the-tea-industry/122626/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-04",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"Which three stages of the tea industry does the review focus on?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"The review covers cultivation, harvesting, and processing of tea.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"What types of applications does the review report for computer vision and machine learning in tea?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"Reported applications include vision-based tea harvesting equipment, disease detection methods, and classification of tea products.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"Why are current intelligent approaches considered insufficient?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"The review notes that current applications have limitations and are not adequate for intelligent and sustainable development of the tea field.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":87,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":89,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":92},[93,97,101,105,110,115,119,122,127,130,134],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":29,"slug":118},7,"Healthcare","healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":120,"slug":121},30,"research-report",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":126},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":125,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":129},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":131,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":132,"show_sort_weight":131,"slug":133},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":135,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":136,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":137},19,"General","general"]