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BC is among the most common cancers worldwide and current diagnostic approaches rely on invasive procedures. Urine samples from 29 BC patients were collected, cells were isolated, and cultured in a three-dimensional matrix. uBCOs were successfully established and primarily expanded in 83% of specimens. Culturing efficiency matched tissue-derived organoids, and immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence showed similar BC marker expression to parental tumors. Results indicate promise for a non-invasive tool to study BC and evaluate therapeutic responses, potentially reducing invasive testing and enabling personalized drug screening.",{"@graph":69,"@context":121},[70,84,104],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/a-protocol-for-organoids-from-the-urine-of-bladder-cancer-patients/386247/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":98,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":99,"interactionStatistic":100},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/a-protocol-for-organoids-from-the-urine-of-bladder-cancer-patients/386247.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Chumphorn","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":101,"interactionType":102,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":103},"ViewAction",{"@type":105,"mainEntity":106},"FAQPage",[107,113,117],{"name":108,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":110},"What is the main goal of this protocol study?","Question",{"text":111,"@type":112},"The study aims to assess whether urine-derived tumor organoids from bladder cancer patients can be established as an alternative to tissue-derived organoids.","Answer",{"name":114,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":115},"How are urine-derived bladder cancer organoids (uBCOs) generated in the study?",{"text":116,"@type":112},"Urine samples from 29 patients are collected, tumor cells are isolated, and the cells are cultured in a three-dimensional matrix to form uBCOs.",{"name":118,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":119},"What evidence supports that uBCOs resemble the parental bladder tumors?",{"text":120,"@type":112},"Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence show similar expression of bladder cancer markers in uBCOs compared with the parental tumor tissue.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":123,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":125,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":127,"site_id":62},386247,1790272920,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":130},{"doc_id":127,"user_id":131,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":132,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":133,"file_id":134,"file_url":135,"file_type":136,"file_size":137,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":138,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":128,"read_time":143},2336475401981,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/22000c94efd8d5204d?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1786935347598174694","cells  \nArticle  \nA Protocol for Organoids from the Urine of Bladder Cancer Patients  \nSimon Walz 1, Paul Pollehne 2, Ruizhi Geng 2, Johannes Schneider 2, Moritz Maas 1, Wilhelm K. Aicher 2, Arnulf Stenzl 1, Bastian Amend 1, * and Niklas Harland 1  \nCitation: Walz, S.; Pollehne, P.; Geng, R.; Schneider, J.; Maas, M.; Aicher, W.K.; Stenzl, A.; Amend, B.; Harland, N. A Protocol for Organoids from the Urine of Bladder Cancer Patients. Cells 2023, 12, 2188. [https://](https://)[ ](https://)[doi.org/10.3390/cells12172188](doi.org/10.3390/cells12172188)  \nAcademic Editor: Yu Xue  \nReceived: 27 June 2023  \nRevised: 28 August 2023  \nAccepted: 29 August 2023  \nPublished: 31 August 2023  \nCopyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 Department of Urology, Tuebingen University Hospital, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; [simon.walz@med.uni-tuebingen.de](simon.walz@med.uni-tuebingen.de) (S.W.); [niklas.harland@med.uni-tuebingen.de](niklas.harland@med.uni-tuebingen.de) (N.H.)  \n2 Center for Medical Research, University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany  \n* Correspondence: bastian.amend@med.uni-tuebingen.de; Tel.: +40-7071-298-5092  \nAbstract: This study investigates the feasibility of establishing urine-derived tumor organoids from bladder cancer (BC) patients as an alternative to tissue-derived organoids. BC is one of the most common cancers worldwide and current diagnostic methods involve invasive procedures. Here, we investigated the potential of using urine samples, which contain exfoliated tumor cells, to generate urine-derived BC organoids (uBCOs) . Urine samples from 29 BC patients were collected and cells were isolated and cultured in a three-dimensional matrix. The establishment and primary expansion of uBCOs were successful in 83% of the specimens investigated. The culturing efficiency of uBCOs was comparable to cancer tissue-derived organoids. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescenceto characterize the uBCOs exhibited similar expressions of BC markers compared to the parental tumor. These findings suggest that urine-derived BC organoids hold promise as a non-invasive tool for studying BC and evaluating therapeutic responses. This approach could potentially minimize the need for invasive procedures and provide a platform for personalized drug screening. Further research in this area may lead to improved diagnostic and treatment strategies for BC patients.  \nKeywords: bladder cancer; organoids; personalized medicine  \n1. Introduction  \nWith more than 570,000 newly diagnosed cases worldwide, bladder cancer (BC) accounts for one of the most common cancers in men and women in general [1] . Primary diagnostics in BC assessment include urine cytology, as BC grows in direct contact with the urinary tract and releases exfoliated cells into the voiding urine, as well as invasive cystoscopic examination and resection followed by pathological evaluation of the tissue. Treatment regimens for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) differ. Whereas NMIBC, which accounts for 75% of the newly diagnosed cases, is treated with a transurethral removal of bladder tumor (TURBT), frequently followed by intravesical instillation therapy depending on the risk-stratification, MIBC is commonly treated with a neoadjuvant systemic approach followed by radical cystectomy and urinary diversion [2] . In NMIBC, approximately 70% of patients experience recurrent disease, and around 10–15% of patients progress to MIBC [3] . Following curative intended treatment for MIBC, local recurrence is observed in only 5–15% of patients, whereas distant spread of the disease occurs in 50% of patients, primarily within the firs","cbCait7tNCoYoFjC","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCait7tNCoYoFjC","pdf",3846480,13,"English","# Abstract\n# Keywords\n# 1. Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What is the main goal of this protocol study?\",\"answer\":\"The study aims to assess whether urine-derived tumor organoids from bladder cancer patients can be established as an alternative to tissue-derived organoids.\"},{\"question\":\"How are urine-derived bladder cancer organoids (uBCOs) generated in the study?\",\"answer\":\"Urine samples from 29 patients are collected, tumor cells are isolated, and the cells are cultured in a three-dimensional matrix to form uBCOs.\"},{\"question\":\"What evidence supports that uBCOs resemble the parental bladder tumors?\",\"answer\":\"Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence show similar expression of bladder cancer markers in uBCOs compared with the parental tumor tissue.\"}]","A Protocol for Organoids from the Urine of Bladder Cancer Patients | PDF",33]