[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-112864-en":3,"doc-seo-112864-105":29,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":27,"read_time":28},112864,962075114101,"Seraphina","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/e000253a75eb197efd?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1780044092746381165",8,"Research & Report","A Practitioner’s Guide to Innovation Policy - Instruments to Build Firm Capabilities and Accelerate Technological Catch-Up in Developing Countries","Innovation policy is presented as a core driver of growth in developing and developed countries, addressing barriers to business innovation and enabling technology adoption. It argues that innovation policies in developing contexts are often fragmented and poorly matched to domestic capability building, leaving policymakers without clear evidence on what works. The guide fills this gap by reframing innovation beyond a linear R&D view, emphasizing incremental upgrading and policy mixes targeting firms to improve productivity, employment, and sales.","Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized  \nA Practitioner’s Guide to Innovation Policy  \nInstruments to Build Firm Capabilities and Accelerate Technological Catch-Up in Developing Countries  \nXavier Cirera, Jaime Frías, Justin Hill, and Yanchao Li  \nA PRACTITIONER’S GUIDE TO INNOVATION POLICY  \nInstruments to Build Firm Capabilities and Accelerate Technological Catch-Up in Developing Countries  \nINNOVATION POLICY plays a central in the growth strategies of developing and developed countries by removing barriers to business innovation and facilitating the adoption of technologies. However, innovation policies in developing countries tend to be fragmented, often mimicking conditions and designs of policies in most advanced economies, which are likely to be inadequate for domestic innovation capabilities. Thus, improving the effectiveness of these policies is critical, especially in the current context of rapid technological change and digitalization.  \nHowever, improving such policies is not an easy task. Policy makers face a shortage of information and lack of clarity about what works and what doesn’t and what innovation instruments are most effective at different stages of development. This policy guide aims at filling this information gap and supporting policy makers in developing countries in their quest to design more effective policies to foster innovation.  \nFrom invention to upgrading: A broader definition of innovation is needed to enhance the impact of innovation policy  \nInnovation has traditionally been associated with science and research and development (R&D) . This view has biased the formulation of innovation policies and institutions in many countries by focusing on a “linear” or “supply side” approach, whereby research is seen as generating R&D and inventions and then is transformed into innovations introduced by firms in markets. This view of innovation, which has been very influential in defining innovation policies, prioritizes policies that aim to create new knowledge and more radical, disruptive, and novel innovations, at the expense of efforts to adopt existing knowledge and technologies, and more generally, create and build basic innovation capabilities. While more novel or radical innovations are, of course, important, the “linear” view misses the fact that incremental innovation and upgrading are more characteristic of innovation systems in developing countries. Crucially, most firms in developing countries can obtain substantial improvements in productivity by adopting knowledge and technologies that have already been generated. Thus, a broader view of innovation that includes incremental innovation and upgrading is needed to improve innovation policies.  \nRelated to this more inclusive view of innovation, innovation policy involves the design and delivery of an array of policy instruments through which governments attempt to overcome market and systemic failures that prevent broadly desired innovation outcomes from being attained. Thus, innovation policy encompasses a combination of instruments that interact and complement one another—the so-called policy mix—to encourage various types of innovation. This guide focuses on the group of instruments that target innovation in businesses, and that take the firm asthe target group. These innovation instruments are typically designed to influence the behavior of firms and induce them to invest in innovation activities broadly defined, with the medium-term goal of increasing sales, employment, and productivity.  \nThe innovation imperative in developing countries  \nInnovation is widely recognized as a central factor in driving economic growth. Innovation drives the Schumpeterian creative destruction process and can facilitate economic convergence for the countries farther from the frontier (Schumpeter 1942) . Innovation is the critical ingredient in historical accounts of how count","cbCaisxxW2XDfBCS","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisxxW2XDfBCS","pdf",2976848,1,24,"English","en",105,"# From invention to upgrading: A broader definition of innovation is needed to enhance the impact of innovation policy\n## Innovation beyond the linear supply-side view\n## Innovation policy as a policy mix of instruments targeting firms\n# The innovation imperative in developing countries\n## Innovation’s role in growth, convergence, and productivity\n## Technological change and the adoption challenge in developing countries","[{\"question\":\"Why are innovation policies in developing countries often considered inadequate?\",\"answer\":\"They tend to be fragmented and may mimic conditions and designs from advanced economies that do not fit domestic innovation capabilities, reducing policy effectiveness.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the guide redefine innovation for policy purposes?\",\"answer\":\"It expands innovation beyond science and R\\u0026D to include incremental innovation and upgrading, reflecting how firms in developing countries often gain productivity improvements through adopting existing knowledge and technologies.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the focus of the guide regarding innovation policy instruments?\",\"answer\":\"It concentrates on instruments aimed at businesses, designed to shape firm behavior and encourage investment in innovation activities, with medium-term goals of increasing sales, employment, and 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are innovation policies in developing countries often considered inadequate?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"They tend to be fragmented and may mimic conditions and designs from advanced economies that do not fit domestic innovation capabilities, reducing policy effectiveness.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"How does the guide redefine innovation for policy purposes?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"It expands innovation beyond science and R&D to include incremental innovation and upgrading, reflecting how firms in developing countries often gain productivity improvements through adopting existing knowledge and technologies.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"What is the focus of the guide regarding innovation policy instruments?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"It concentrates on instruments aimed at businesses, designed to shape firm behavior and encourage investment in innovation activities, with medium-term goals of increasing sales, employment, and 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