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This study developed and validated a new gene expression scoring system using microarray-derived gene expression profiles from NMIBC and normal samples. Six genes upregulated in recurrent cases defined a gene expression score (GES) based on mean Z-scores, which stratified recurrence risk and showed prognostic value independent of EORTC risk classification.",{"@graph":69,"@context":126},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/a-novel-gene-expression-scoring-system-predicts-recurrence-in-non-muscle-invasive-bladder-cancer-patients-research-article/329393/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/a-novel-gene-expression-scoring-system-predicts-recurrence-in-non-muscle-invasive-bladder-cancer-patients-research-article/329393.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Quinn","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-08","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118,122],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What clinical problem does this study address in NMIBC?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Accurately predicting recurrence after TURBT remains difficult when relying only on clinicopathological factors. The study targets improved recurrence prediction using tumor gene expression characteristics.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How is the gene expression score (GES) defined?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"GES is defined as the mean Z-score of six genes that were specifically upregulated in bladder cancer and in recurrent cases.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What did the results show about GES and recurrence?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Patients in the high GES group had a higher intravesical recurrence rate than those in the low GES group, and GES was significantly associated with recurrence-free survival in the validation cohort.",{"name":123,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":124},"Is GES related to or independent of EORTC risk classification?",{"text":125,"@type":113},"EORTC risk classification was not related to recurrence after TURBT in univariate or multivariate analysis. 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Ltd., Tokyo, Japan | 4Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan Correspondence: Motohide Uemura ([muemura@fmu.ac.jp](muemura@fmu.ac.jp))  \nReceived: 15 April 2024 | Revised: 5 October 2024 | Accepted: 7 October 2024  \nFunding: The authors received no specific funding for this work.  \nKeywords: gene expression | microarray analysis | non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer | prognostic biomarker | recurrence risk  \nABSTRACT  \nBackground: Despite the high recurrence rate of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), there are limitations in accurately predicting recurrence after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) based on clinicopathological factors alone. However, prediction of recurrence using biomolecular characteristics of bladder tumors has not been applied to clinical practice. The objective of this study was to establish a new gene expression scoring system for identifying patients at high risk of recurrence.  \nMethods: NMIBC and normal bladder samples were subjected to microarray analysis to obtain gene expression profiles. We identified 6 genes that were specifically upregulated in bladder cancer and also in recurrent cases. All patients were randomly grouped into a discovery cohort (n = 59) and a validation cohort (n = 30) . Gene expression score (GES) was defined as the mean Z-score of the 6 genes specific for recurrent bladder cancer.  \nResults: The intravesical recurrence rate of the high GES group (n = 38) was higher than the low GES group (n = 21) . GES was significantly associated with recurrence-free survival in the validation cohort as well. In prognostic analysis, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) risk classification was not related to recurrence after TURBT in either univariate or multivariate analysis. On the other hand, the GES we developed was an independent factor for recurrence in NMIBC.  \nConclusions: A novel gene expression scoring system was shown to predict recurrence in NMIBC patients after TURBT and might be helpful in clinical decision-making for NMIBC patients.  \n\n| Abbreviations: ANLN, anillin; BCG, bacillus Calmette-Guérin; CDCA3, cell division cycle-associated protein 3; CI, confidence interval; CIS, concomitant carcinoma in situ; DHCR24, 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase; EAU, European Association of Urology; EORTC, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer; FC, fold change; GES, gene expression score; HR, hazard ratio; IQR, interquartile range; MIBC, muscle-invasive bladder cancer; MTHFD2, methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2; NMIBC, non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer; RFS, recurrence-free survival; STMN1, stathmin 1; TURBT, transurethral resection of bladder tumor; UC, urothelial carcinoma; XRCC2, X-ray repair cross-complementing 2. |\n| --- |\n| This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.\u003Cbr>© 2024 The Author(s). Cancer Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. |\n\nCancer Medicine, 2024; 13:e70349 1 of 9  \n[https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.70349](https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.70349)  \n1 | Introduction  \nBladder cancer is a common malignancy, with 573,278 new cases and 43,646 deaths reported in 2020 [1]. Approximately 75% of patients initially diagn","cbCaiah1UEuC7YeN","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiah1UEuC7YeN","pdf",1514469,"English","# Abstract\n## Methods\n## Results\n## Conclusions\n# Introduction\n# Materials and Methods","[{\"question\":\"What clinical problem does this study address in NMIBC?\",\"answer\":\"Accurately predicting recurrence after TURBT remains difficult when relying only on clinicopathological factors. The study targets improved recurrence prediction using tumor gene expression characteristics.\"},{\"question\":\"How is the gene expression score (GES) defined?\",\"answer\":\"GES is defined as the mean Z-score of six genes that were specifically upregulated in bladder cancer and in recurrent cases.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the results show about GES and recurrence?\",\"answer\":\"Patients in the high GES group had a higher intravesical recurrence rate than those in the low GES group, and GES was significantly associated with recurrence-free survival in the validation cohort.\"},{\"question\":\"Is GES related to or independent of EORTC risk classification?\",\"answer\":\"EORTC risk classification was not related to recurrence after TURBT in univariate or multivariate analysis. In contrast, the developed GES was an independent factor for recurrence in NMIBC.\"}]","A Novel Gene Expression Scoring System Predicts Recurrence in Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Patients - Research Article | PDF",1789984009,23]