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In the Asian context, it represents the eighth most common cancer in males. In 2022, there were approximately 613,791 individuals diagnosed with bladder cancer worldwide. Despite the availability of efficacious treatments for the two principal forms of bladder cancer, namely non-invasive and invasive bladder cancer, the high incidence of recurrence following treatment and the suboptimal outcomes observed in patients with high-grade and advanced disease represent significant concerns in the management of bladder cancer at this juncture. Nanoparticles have gained attention for their excellent properties, including stable physical properties, a porous structure that can be loaded with a variety of substances, and so on. The in-depth research on nanoparticles has led to their emergence as a new class of nanoparticles for combination therapy, due to their advantageous properties. These include the extension of the drug release window, the enhancement of drug bioavailability, the improvement of drug targeting ability, the reduction of local and systemic toxicity, and the simultaneous delivery of multiple drugs for combination therapy. As a result, nanoparticles have become a novel agent of the drug delivery system. The advent of nanoparticles has provided a new impetus for the development of non-surgical treatments for bladder cancer, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, gene therapy and phototherapy. The unique properties of nanoparticles have facilitated the combination of diverse non-surgical therapeutic modalities, enhancing their overall efficacy. This review examines the recent advancements in the use of nanoparticles in non-surgical bladder cancer treatments, encompassing aspects such as delivery, therapeutic efficacy, and the associated toxicity of nanoparticles, as well as the challenges encountered in clinical applications. Keywords: bladder cancer, nanoparticle, drug delivery, chemotherapy, phototherapy, toxicity |\n| --- |\n| Background\u003Cbr>Bladder cancer (BC) is a prevalent tumor of the genitourinary system. In Asia, BC represents the eighth most common cancer in men, with an estimated 613,791 cases worldwide in 2022.1 Bladder cancer consists of two main types namely, muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) . Of these, NMIBC can be responsible for up to 75% of bladder cancers.2 Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) accompanied by postoperative perfusion therapy has become the standard treatment for NMIBC.3–5 Conversely, the primary therapeutic modality for muscle-invasive advanced bladder cancer is platinum-based chemotherapy.6\u003Cbr>However, the treatment of bladder cancer still presents two significant challenges: a high recurrence rate after systemic treatment and an unsatisfactory therapeutic effect for advanced patients. Additionally, non-surgical treatments of bladder cancer, such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and gene therapy, have three main limitations: poor drug targeting, obvious side effects, and drug resistance. These factors collectively contribute to the suboptimal efficacy of non-surgical treatments. Following the advent of nanoparticles as a novel agent in drug delivery, there has been a notable enhancement in the efficacy of drug delivery. Additionally, research e","cbCaim18KPmtXrLk","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaim18KPmtXrLk","pdf",3880043,23,"English","# Background\n## Bladder cancer types and standard treatments\n## Key challenges in non-surgical therapy\n## Nanoparticles as drug delivery agents\n# Table 1: Nanoparticles in Bladder Cancer Therapy\n## Therapies, nanocarriers, payloads, and anti-tumor strategies","[{\"question\":\"What are the two main types of bladder cancer discussed, and how common is each?\",\"answer\":\"The review distinguishes muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). NMIBC can account for up to 75% of bladder cancers.\"},{\"question\":\"Why are current non-surgical treatments for bladder cancer considered suboptimal?\",\"answer\":\"Non-surgical modalities such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and gene therapy face poor drug targeting, obvious side effects, and drug resistance, contributing to limited overall effectiveness.\"},{\"question\":\"How do nanoparticles improve drug delivery and therapeutic outcomes?\",\"answer\":\"Nanoparticles can extend drug release duration, enhance bioavailability and targeting, reduce local and systemic toxicity, and enable simultaneous delivery of multiple drugs for combination therapy.\"}]","A Novel Approach for Bladder Cancer Treatment - Nanoparticles as a Drug Delivery System | PDF",1789994473,58]