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Key tools discussed include nomograms for estimating survival-related events and identifying patient variables associated with outcomes, alongside biomarkers showing promise in prognostication.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/a-narrative-review-of-prognostic-indices-in-the-evaluation-of-gastrointestinal-cancers/380403/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/a-narrative-review-of-prognostic-indices-in-the-evaluation-of-gastrointestinal-cancers/380403.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Rizky","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-25","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",5,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What is the primary purpose of this narrative review?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"To overview the current state of prognostic indices and biomarkers used in evaluating gastrointestinal cancers, with an emphasis on esophageal, colon, and rectal cancer.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How were studies selected for inclusion?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The authors conducted a comprehensive PubMed search covering 2001 to February 2022 and included only English-language articles, including retrospective analyses and prospective observational studies.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What key tools and predictors does the review highlight?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Nomograms are emphasized as well-described tools for estimating cancer-related events such as overall survival, and the review also discusses biomarkers that have emerged as promising prognostic indicators.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},380403,1790524934,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,100,105,109,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":101,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":108},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":110,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":55,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":106,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":106,"language":139,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},962085564807,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","A narrative review of prognostic indices in the evaluation of gastrointestinal cancers  \nDaniel Knewitz1, Tariq Almerey1, Emmanuel Gabriel1,2  \n1Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; 2Department of Surgical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA  \nContributions: (I) Conception and design: All authors; (II) Administrative support: T Almerey, E Gabriel; (III) Provision of study materials or patients: T Almerey, E Gabriel; (IV) Collection and assembly of data: All authors; (V) Data analysis and interpretation: All authors; (VI) Manuscript writing: All authors; (VII) Final approval of manuscript: All authors.  \nCorrespondence to: Daniel Knewitz, MD. Mayo Clinic, 3551 San Pablo Rd., Jacksonville, FL 32224, [USA. Email: Knewitz.Daniel@mayo.edu](USA. Email: Knewitz.Daniel@mayo.edu).  \nBackground and Objective: Accurate cancer prognostication allows for conscious decision-making.  \nThere is a need for precise indices, along with predictive biomarkers, which aid cancer prognostication. We sought to conduct an overview of the current state of prognostic indices and biomarkers in the evaluation of  \ngastrointestinal (GI) cancers, specifically esophageal, colon and rectal.  \nMethods: We conducted a comprehensive review of articles in the PubMed database between September 2001 and February 2022. Only articles written in English were included. We reviewed retrospective analyses  \nand prospective observational studies.  \nKey Content and Findings: Nomograms are well-described tools that provide estimates of specific cancer-related events, such as overall survival (OS). They are also useful in unroofing specific patient-related variables, which may be associated with cancer survival. Certain prognostic indices have been tested against each other with the goal of discerning superiority. Finally, specific biomarkers have emerged as promising  \nprognostic indicators.  \nConclusions: Nomograms play a significant role in the prognostication of GI cancer. The identification of specific biomarkers in cancer prognostication is evolving. As we embark on the era of precision medicine,  \nfurther investigation of reliable prognostic indices and biomarkers is needed.  \nKeywords: Indices; cancer prognostication; gastrointestinal (GI); biomarkers; nomograms  \nSubmitted Feb 23, 2023. Accepted for publication Jun 26, 2023. Published online Jul 05, 2023.  \ndoi: 10.21037/jgo-23-159  \nView this article at: [https://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jgo-23-159](https://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jgo-23-159)  \nIntroduction  \nThe value of accurate cancer prognostication cannot be overstated as it allows for conscious decision making for both patients and their families (1) . An accurate prognosis may lead to recommendations more fitting for each individual patient, which can have a big impact on treatment plan, such as less aggressive treatment or end-of-life care (2) . Despite this, disease prognostication tends to garner less recognition than disease treatment within clinical practice (3) . Additionally, providers are often hesitant to provide patients with prognostic estimations (4,5), which is at odds with the findings that many patients prefer to have  \nthese discussions (6,7) .  \nIt is reasonable to postulate that this reluctance is, at least in part, due to the lack of a single quintessential calculator for accurately predicting the course of a patient’s malignancy. Establishing specific demographic factors, laboratory values and genetic biomarkers as reliable prognostic indicators is a highly investigated topic. We sought to conduct an overview of the current state of prognostic indices in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers . Given the extensive number of studies available for review, we limited our search to esophageal, colon and rectal cancer. Our review highlights studies in which novel calculators have been produced and/or tested against already established calculators. Additionally, we  \n© Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology. All rights reserved. J Gastrointest Oncol 2023;14","cbCaitzEqNbA2PRc","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitzEqNbA2PRc","pdf",190280,"English","# Introduction\n# Methods\n# Key Content and Findings\n# Conclusions\n# Table 1: The search strategy summary","[{\"question\":\"What is the primary purpose of this narrative review?\",\"answer\":\"To overview the current state of prognostic indices and biomarkers used in evaluating gastrointestinal cancers, with an emphasis on esophageal, colon, and rectal cancer.\"},{\"question\":\"How were studies selected for inclusion?\",\"answer\":\"The authors conducted a comprehensive PubMed search covering 2001 to February 2022 and included only English-language articles, including retrospective analyses and prospective observational studies.\"},{\"question\":\"What key tools and predictors does the review highlight?\",\"answer\":\"Nomograms are emphasized as well-described tools for estimating cancer-related events such as overall survival, and the review also discusses biomarkers that have emerged as promising prognostic indicators.\"}]","A narrative review of prognostic indices in the evaluation of gastrointestinal cancers | PDF",1790240055,18]