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and Intervention After Brain Injury：  \nExternal Criteria and Intervention Approaches  \nKoki Matsumoto 1  \nAbstract  \nThis narrative review examined studies on return-to-driving support for individuals with brain injury in Japan, categorizing assessment studies according to the nature of their external criteria and intervention studies according to their intervention methods. Thirty-eight articles published between 2015 and 2025 were included. Among the 33 assessment studies, many used surrogate indicators of driving-related abilities or clinician judgment as external criteria, whereas studies using on-road assessments, Public Safety Commission（the governmental authority responsible for determining driver licensing eligibility）decisions, actual driving resumption, or traffic accidents as outcomes were limited. Most studies were conducted at a single center with small sample sizes, and their external validity was insufficiently examined. Only five intervention studies were identified and were broadly classified into procedural compliance support and driving behavior improvement support. However, many relied on short-term outcomes such as driving simulator indices, and their applicability to real-world driving had not been sufficiently evaluated. Future studies using more valid external criteria and multicenter designs are needed. This review is valuable because it organizes the overall landscape and structural issues of domestic research and discusses issues related to criterion setting in Japan while considering international driving fitness evaluation frameworks.  \nHigher Brain Function Research 46（3）：75–107，2026， DOI：[https:](https://doi.org/10.2496/hbfr.46.75)[//](https://doi.org/10.2496/hbfr.46.75)[doi.org](https://doi.org/10.2496/hbfr.46.75)[/](https://doi.org/10.2496/hbfr.46.75)[10.2496](https://doi.org/10.2496/hbfr.46.75)[/](https://doi.org/10.2496/hbfr.46.75)[hbfr.46.75](https://doi.org/10.2496/hbfr.46.75)  \nKeywords  \nbrain injury，driving，neuropsychological tests，external criteria，driving simulator  \n1 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asahikawa Red Cross Hospital 1-1-1 Akebono 1-jo, Asahikawa-city, Hokkaido 070-8530, Japan Corresponding author：Koki Matsumoto, [matumotokohki@yahoo.co.jp](matumotokohki@yahoo.co.jp)  \nReceived： March 6, 2026  \nAccepted： May 18, 2026  \nPublished： September 30, 2026  \nCreative Commons License: CC BY 4.0.（This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.）  \n76 Higher Brain Function Research Vol. 46, No. 3  \n総説  \n脳損傷者の自動車運転再開評価および介入に関する国内研究ナラティブレビュー―外的基準と介入手法の整理―  \n松本幸樹1  \n要旨  \n本研究は,日本における脳損傷者の自動車運転再開支援研究を対象に,評価文献は外的基準，介入文献は介入手法に着目して整理したナラティブレビューである。 2015～ 2025年の文献38件を組み入れた。評価研究は33件であり,運転関連能力の代替指標や医療者判断を外的基準とする研究が多く,実車評価，公安委員会判断，実生活運転や事故を用いた検証は限定的であった。多くは単施設 ・ 小規模研究にとどまり,外的妥当性の検証は十分でない。介入研究は5件にとどまり,手続き遵守支援と運転行動改善支援に大別されたが,ドライビングシミュレータ指標など短期的アウトカムに基づく検討が多く,実生活運転への反映は十分に検証されていない。今後は妥当性の高い外的基準を用いた多施設研究の蓄積が求められる。本レビューは国内研究の全体像と構造的課題を整理するとともに,海外の運転適性評価体系も踏まえ,本邦における基準設定上の課題を論じた点に意義がある。  \n高次脳機能研究46（3）：75–107，2026， DOI：[https:](https://doi.org/10.2496/hbfr.46.75)[//](https://doi.org/10.2496/hbfr.46.75)[doi.org](https://doi.org/10.2496/hbfr.46.75)[/](https://doi.org/10.2496/hbfr.46.75)[10.2496](https://doi.org/10.2496/hbfr.46.75)[/](https://doi.org/10.2496/hbfr.46.75)[hbfr.46.75](https://doi.org/10.2496/hbfr.46.75)  \nKeywords  \n脳損傷，自動車運転，神経心理学的検査，外的基準，ドライビングシミュレータ  \n1. Introduction  \nReturn to driving after brain injury is associated with social participation and community reintegration （Finestone, et al., 2010）, and support for return to driving remains an important issue in rehabilitation medicine. In clinical practice, assessments using neuropsychological tests, screening tools, driving simulators（DSs）, and on-road evaluations are commonly conducted,","cbCaicddrpJ8dsrn","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaicddrpJ8dsrn","pdf",1840416,33,"English","# Abstract\n# Keywords\n# 1. Introduction","[{\"question\":\"How were the included studies organized in this review?\",\"answer\":\"Assessment studies were categorized by the external criteria used, and intervention studies were categorized by intervention methods.\"},{\"question\":\"What external criteria were commonly used in assessment research?\",\"answer\":\"Many studies used surrogate indicators of driving-related abilities or clinician judgment as external criteria.\"},{\"question\":\"What limitations did the review identify for both assessment and intervention studies?\",\"answer\":\"Assessment studies often had limited external validity due to single-center, small samples, and intervention studies frequently relied on short-term driving simulator outcomes without sufficient evaluation in real-world driving.\"}]","A Narrative Review of Japanese Studies on - Driving Assessment and Intervention After Brain Injury - External Criteria and Intervention Approaches | PDF",83]