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text?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"It is an upcoming major general council of the canonical Orthodox Churches, proposed for Pentecost in 2016 at the Church of St. Irene near Holy Wisdom (Sancta Sophia) in Istanbul/Constantinople.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"Why does the author begin with historical background?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"For readers who need basic facts, the Council is a major event in Christian history, so the text reviews the historical development of church centers and relationships across the first centuries.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"How does the text describe the shift from Communion to estrangement between East and West?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"It says the Churches generally maintained Communion during the first Christian millennium, but starting in the 11th century serious efforts failed and estrangement grew due to political changes, cultural diversity, and pressures affecting the Byzantine 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Franciscan Friars of the Atonement\n\nThe Holy and Great Council  \n                                          By Daniel S.Hamilton  \nwith their distinctive languages,patterns of worship,culturesand traditions.Rome,the imperial capital and the privilegedministry and martyrdom site of Peter and Paul,the See ofPeter,was agreed by all to be the most important Churchcenter during the first 500 years,with Constantinoplebecoming increasingly important politically and ecclesiasti-cally from 330 when Constantine,the new Christian Romanemperor,designated this small city,Byzantium,on theBosporus,as his new capital (New Rome,to be rebuilt asConstantinople)and,later,Justinian I (reigned 527-65),firstof the great Byzantine emperors,made it a key See in thePentarchical³Church organization of his Empire.ThisEmpire became the chief political force in the EasternMediterranean area until 1453 when,having been graduallydiminished in size,it was finally conquered by the OttomanTurks who took Constantinople in that year.  \nany beginning to read this essay will undoubtedlysay,\"this must be about Vatican II,1962-65;Iwonder if he will have something new or importantto say.\"But the reader about to scan the essay and decidewhether it contains something new about Vatican I will soonrealize it is not about Vatican I at all.But it is about an up-coming major general council-of the canonical OrthodoxChurches,the Eastern Churches,but not all of them,proposedfor Pentecost(May 15)2016 in the Church of St.Irene,nearthe Holy Wisdom¹(Sancta Sophia,538)in Istanbul,Turkey,which the Orthodox call by its ancient name(up to 1453)Constantinople.  \n## I.Background\n\nFor most of us Westerners,understanding basic facts aboutthis Council,a major event in Christian history-referred toas the \"Holy and Great Synod or Council of the OrthodoxChurch”²-calls for a brief review of the historical back-ground,despite its complexity.Christianity,Christ's Church,began in Palestine,Old Israel,Syria-namely in the Easternpart of the old Roman Empire,as the fulfillment of the divinemessianic promises made to old Israel and to the world,andthen spread quickly in the East to Greece,Macedonia,AsiaMinor (known today as Turkey),Armenia,Syria-Mesopotamia;West to North Africa and Italy and,finally,to the territoriesof Western Europe,Eastern Europe and the Slavic lands.  \nSome parts of the Eastern Churches had already separatedfrom or had never lived in full communion with Rome andConstantinople by the close of the first five Christian centuries.These included the Assyrian,Armenian,Coptic,Syrian-Jacobite,Ethiopian and Maronite Churches.continued on page 2  \nMsgr.Daniel S.Hamilton is pastor emeritus of Our Ladyof Perpetual Help Church,Lindenhurst,New York,a formereditor (1975-85)of The Long Island Catholic,chairman(1968-88)of Rockville Centre Diocesan EcumenicalCommission,and director(1968-85)of the diocesan PublicInformation Office.He hasjust published Jousting with TheNew York Times 1961-2014:Worldviews in Radical Con-flict,Amazon,St.John Fisher Foundation,New York,2014.  \nThe First Millennium  \nIf we take 1000 A.D.as our stop-off point,the majorChristian Church centers had begun,grown and developed  \nG IN THIS ISSUE +  \nThe Holy and Great Council  \nHomiletic Notes  \nJAY RICHARD AKKERMAN…………………………Page 12  \nDANIEL S.HAMILTON……   …………………………………Page 1  \nAL~:1i,n01C  \nWeek of Prz  \nHudson Taylor:A Generous Spirit  \n■  \nBNT YR/VOL  \n“Called to F  \nAMBROSE IH-REN MONG,OP………  …    …Page 6  \nc  \nollege  \nScriptural(  \nWeek of Prayer for Christian Unity 2016  \nMcD  \nh  \nhke Library  \nSHELLY MA  \n“Called to Proclaim the Mighty Acts of the Lord”  \n8425  \nt  \nchols Road  \nt,MI 48221  \nTHE HOLY AND GREAT COUNCIL,from page I  \nLiturgy),fasting rules,marriage regulations and the liturgi-cal calendar until the fall of the Soviet Union(1988)made itpossible for the severed Churches to act with relative f","cbCailkzIc7O30H3","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailkzIc7O30H3","pdf",1387602,18,"English","# I. Background\n## The Holy and Great Council\n## The First Millennium\n## Communion Then Estrangement","[{\"question\":\"What is the “Holy and Great Council” in this text?\",\"answer\":\"It is an upcoming major general council of the canonical Orthodox Churches, proposed for Pentecost in 2016 at the Church of St. Irene near Holy Wisdom (Sancta Sophia) in Istanbul/Constantinople.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the author begin with historical background?\",\"answer\":\"For readers who need basic facts, the Council is a major event in Christian history, so the text reviews the historical development of church centers and relationships across the first centuries.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the text describe the shift from Communion to estrangement between East and West?\",\"answer\":\"It says the Churches generally maintained Communion during the first Christian millennium, but starting in the 11th century serious efforts failed and estrangement grew due to political changes, cultural diversity, and pressures affecting the Byzantine Empire.\"}]","A Ministry of the Franciscan Friars of the Atonement | PDF",1789960390,45]