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The text explains key milestones such as Spacewar, coin-operated arcade breakthroughs, programmable consoles, and the rise of Nintendo and large-scale profitability. It also frames the enduring principles of game success and includes a completion task with one-word answers for notes across the 1960s, 1970s, and 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enabled game designers to turn plain screens into capable playfields?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Microelectronic technology enabled designers to transform basic displays into playfields with extraordinary capability.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"Why did Space Invaders capture public interest so quickly?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Its vibrant graphics were different from earlier black-and-white games, making it immediately stand out.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What caused many early manufacturers to leave the coin-operated video game area?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Consumer interest proved less sustained than expected, and as prices dropped while losses mounted, most early manufacturers withdrew.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},143784,1787696714,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":130,"read_time":145},13056703019404,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","READING PASSAGE 1  \nYou should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13,which are based on ReadingPassage 1 on pages 2 and 3  \n# Computer gamesThe early days of the video game business\n\nIt's not whether you win or lose,but how you play the game.In the age of computers,thatstatement takes on new meanings:video game cannot ever really be defeated because,nomatter how high the score,It is always the human who tires first or makes the fatal error.But millions of people continue to play,because microelectronic technology has enabledgame designers to conveniently and inexpensively transform plain screens into playfields ofextraordinary capability.At the same time,a multi-billion dollar industry has grown fromvery humble beginnings in just a few decades.  \nThe technological roots of video game can be traced back to 1962,when an MIT(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)graduate student demonstrated Spacewar,ascience-fiction fantasy game played on a mainframe computer and a large screen.That gameimmediately attracted a wide cult following among computer buffs.The next important stepcame in 1968,when a console was developed that could be used to play game on ordinarytelevisions.But it was not until the early 1970s that a young University of Utah engine to thepoint that adaptation of Spacewar from a large computer into coin-operated from,for use invideo game arcades,was becoming economically feasible.Bushnell and his associates beganworking on such a machine in a converted bedroom workshop,but were unsuccessful.Whatthey ultimately developed instead was a simple tennis-like game that they named Pong.  \nPong took the industry by storm and quickly became the first coin-operated video-gameHit.And soon thereafter commercial Pong-style home video games also appeared.Yetdespite early enthusiasm,consumer interest in this area proved leas sustained than hadbeen anticipated and,as prices started to drop and losses mounted,most of the earlymanufacturers withdew from the field.Profits proved to be just as elusive at Bushnell'scompany,Atari,where a rapidly growing market presence in coin-operated machine andhome video required greater injections of capital and more professional management thanthe company was able to provide.In 1976,the founders of Atari sold their share of thecompany for a sum that was only equivalent to their sales in that year.  \nAt that point,coin-operated video games seemed just another passing fad.But theintroduction of Space Invaders-an arcade model produced by Japanese manufactureTaito -proved otherwise.With its vibrant graphics it was so different from the previousblack and white games that Space Invaders immediately captured public interest.Theresoon followed a rush of popular video that employed the same or better hardware andeven more imaginative software.Of these,Pac-Man (in 1908)was especially significant,because now females began to take an interest.  \nGroup:original exams-phone:0964879926  \nBy this time,the same software improvement and technological advances(fastermicroprocessors and larger memories)that permitted designers to producespectacular audio and visual effects for coin-operated machines were also beingapplied to home video units.It was thus only a short while before the programmableconsoles that had been unpopular for lack of software suddenly began to sell in largenumbers:consumers had discovered that they could finally play a reasonable versionof their favorite arcade games in the comfort of their own home.The impact on Atariwas astounding.Unprofitable for the first three years,Atari had by the end of 1979,become a success.By either self-designing or licensing the most popular arcadeconcepts for cartridge format for use at home,the company had captured some 80percent of the worldwide market for home video games.  \nAll of this,however,was too good to last.By late 1982,the publics fascination witharcade games had begun to low down,and fewer potential best-sellers werebecoming available for conversion to car","cbCaisytiF2NcwOs","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisytiF2NcwOs","pdf",1953136,13,"English","# Computer games\n## The early days of the video game business\n# A history of video games\n## 1960s\n## 1970s\n## 1980s","[{\"question\":\"What enabled game designers to turn plain screens into capable playfields?\",\"answer\":\"Microelectronic technology enabled designers to transform basic displays into playfields with extraordinary capability.\"},{\"question\":\"Why did Space Invaders capture public interest so quickly?\",\"answer\":\"Its vibrant graphics were different from earlier black-and-white games, making it immediately stand out.\"},{\"question\":\"What caused many early manufacturers to leave the coin-operated video game area?\",\"answer\":\"Consumer interest proved less sustained than expected, and as prices dropped while losses mounted, most early manufacturers withdrew.\"}]","A history of video games - Test 7 - up | PDF",33]