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It examines foundational world literatures, classical Latin traditions, and the rise of vernacular writing from the Middle Ages into early modernity, then follows shifts in representation of empire during the Renaissance. The text continues into early modern and modern periods, covering developments in poetry, fiction, modernism, and world literature, including narrative techniques and themes.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":15,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/literature/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/a-history-of-european-literature-part-1-antiquity/299639/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/a-history-of-european-literature-part-1-antiquity/299639.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Ava Thompson","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-18",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",14,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What time range does A History of European Literature cover?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"It traces European literary developments from antiquity through the present, progressing across major historical periods and transitions in literary language and form.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How does the book structure its main chapters?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"It is organized into four parts—Antiquity, the Vernacular from the Middle Ages to early modernity, Early Modernity, and Modernity—each containing multiple chapters with thematic focus.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"Which subjects are addressed in the early sections on Antiquity?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The Antiquity part includes the old world literary system, classical Latin and empire-related discontents, and Rome in antiquity, with subtopics covering genres and major authors.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},299639,1789770567,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":14,"category_name":15,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":130,"read_time":145},1649267921044,"https://us-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/1800007509477c92dfb?_k=1786009248482753345","A HISTORY OF EUROPEAN LITERATURE  \nA History of European Literature  \nThe West and the World from Antiquity to the Present  \nWALTER COHEN  \n1  \n3  \nGreat Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom  \nOxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries  \n© Walter Cohen 2017  \nThe moral rights of the author have been asserted First Edition published in 2017  \nImpression: 1  \nAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored ina retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above  \nYou must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer  \nPublished in the United States of America by Oxford University Press  \n198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available  \nLibrary of Congress Control Number: 2016942729 ISBN 978–0–19–873267–9  \nPrinted in Great Britain by  \nClays Ltd, St Ives plc Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only. Oxford disclaims any responsibility for the materials contained in any third party website referenced in this work.  \nIn memory of my parents, Arthur and Phyllis Cohen, and to my children,  \nAna, Jonah, and Lawrence Brown-Cohen  \nContents  \nAcknowledgements xi  \n1. Introduction 1  \n1. Argument 1  \n2. Inferences 6  \n3. Assumptions 8  \nPART 1 . ANTIQUITY  \n2. The Old World Literary System 17  \n1. Introduction 17  \n2. The Near Eastern Invention of Literature, 3000–1200 BCE 18  \n3. Literacy and Literature, 1200–500 BCE: Chinese, Hebrew, Greek 20  \n4. Imperial Literary Languages, 550 BCE–750 CE 28  \n5. Conclusion 41  \n3. Empire and Its Discontents in Classical Latin 43  \n1. Introduction 43  \n2. Plautus and the Early Republic 45  \n3. The Late Republic and Golden Age / Augustan Age 47  \na. Introduction 47  \nb. Horace, the Cleopatra Ode 49  \nc. Virgil, Aeneid 54  \n4. The Silver Age / Early Empire / Principate 57  \na. Introduction 57  \nb. Lucan, Civil War 58  \nc. Tacitus, Annals 62  \n5. Late Classical Latin Literature / Later Empire / Dominate 65  \na. Apuleius and the Later Empire 65  \nb. Christianity and the Revival of Latin Literature 70  \nc. Augustine and Late Antiquity 72  \n6. Rome in Antiquity 77  \nPART 2 . THE VERNACULAR: FROM THE MIDDLE  \nAGES TO EARLY MODERNITY  \n4. The Vernacular 83  \n1. The Spoken Vernacular 83  \n2. The Written Vernacular 92  \n3. The Medieval European Written Vernacular 108  \n5. Medieval Epic 117  \n1. Latin and the Vernacular Epic 117  \n2. Celtic Epic 119  \nviii Contents  \n3. Germanic Epic 120  \n4. Romance Epic 126  \n5. Epic beyond Western Europe 130  \n6. Conclusion 137  \n6. Medieval Lyric 140  \n1. Introduction 140  \n2. Greek and Latin 142  \n3. Celtic and Germanic Poetry 150  \n4. Semitic Lyric 152  \n5. Occitan Lyric and Its Influence 161  \n7. Medieval Narrative after 1100 168  \n1. Romance 169  \n2. Allegory 177  \n3. Frame-Tale Collection 189  \n4. Conclusion 198  \n8. Language, Literature, and Popular Culture in the Age  \nof the Reformation 200  \n1. Literature 201  \na. The Continental Sonnet 201  \nb. The English Sonnet 203  \nc. Epic and Drama 211  \n2. Religion 216  \na. The Language of the Reformation 216  \nb. Luther 220  \nc. Milton 226  \n3. Western Europe and South Asia 232  \nPART 3 . EARLY MODERNITY  \n9. The Representation of Empire in the Renaissance, 1: Europe  \nand the Mediterranean 239  \n1. Nation and Empi","cbCaiee7DgHxROzC","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiee7DgHxROzC","pdf",3753786,625,"English","# Contents\n## Acknowledgements\n## Introduction\n## PART 1 . ANTIQUITY\n## The Old World Literary System\n## Empire and Its Discontents in Classical Latin\n## Rome in Antiquity\n## PART 2 . THE VERNACULAR: FROM THE MIDDLE AGES TO EARLY MODERNITY\n## The Vernacular\n## Medieval Epic\n## Medieval Lyric\n## Medieval Narrative after 1100\n## PART 3 . EARLY MODERNITY\n## The Representation of Empire in the Renaissance\n## Eurasian Literature through the Eighteenth Century\n## PART 4 . MODERNITY\n## Nineteenth-Century Poetry\n## Nineteenth-Century Fiction\n## Jewishness and Modernist Fiction\n## World Literature and Contemporary Fiction","[{\"question\":\"What time range does A History of European Literature cover?\",\"answer\":\"It traces European literary developments from antiquity through the present, progressing across major historical periods and transitions in literary language and form.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the book structure its main chapters?\",\"answer\":\"It is organized into four parts—Antiquity, the Vernacular from the Middle Ages to early modernity, Early Modernity, and Modernity—each containing multiple chapters with thematic focus.\"},{\"question\":\"Which subjects are addressed in the early sections on Antiquity?\",\"answer\":\"The Antiquity part includes the old world literary system, classical Latin and empire-related discontents, and Rome in antiquity, with subtopics covering genres and major authors.\"}]","A History of European Literature - Part 1 - Antiquity | PDF",963]