[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-86480-en":3,"doc-seo-86480-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},86480,687197207639,"Asher","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd",8,"Research & Report","A Framework for Managing the Models of Engineered Quantum Systems","Quantum technologies are maturing into systems that classical engineering must design, verify, and operate within. Model-driven communities have started producing quantum-aware pipelines, languages, and domain models, yet these must stay synchronized with heterogeneous models maintained by other communities. Existing synchronization approaches fall short because transformations can remove quantum properties like superposition and entanglement without failing structural checks. QSysMM addresses this with a model-management framework and a SysMLv2-based QSysML, aiming for a digital single source of truth.","A Framework for Managing the Models of Engineered Quantum  \nSystems  \nSiyuan Ji Loughborough University  \nLoughborough, UK [s.ji@lboro.ac.uk](s.ji@lboro.ac.uk)  \nHayato Ishida Loughborough University  \nLoughborough, UK [h.ishida@lboro.ac.uk](h.ishida@lboro.ac.uk)  \nAmal Elsokary Loughborough University  \nLoughborough, UK[a.elsokary@lboro.ac.uk](a.elsokary@lboro.ac.uk)  \nStephen Powley Loughborough University  \nLoughborough, UK [s.j.powley@lboro.ac.uk](s.j.powley@lboro.ac.uk)  \nCatherine White BT Research Ipswich, UK  \n[catherine.white@bt.com](catherine.white@bt.com)  \nAlexandre Zagoskin Loughborough University  \nLoughborough, UK[a.zagoskin@lboro.ac.uk](a.zagoskin@lboro.ac.uk)  \nRan Wei Lancaster University  \nLancaster, UK[r.wei5@lancaster.ac.uk](r.wei5@lancaster.ac.uk)  \nMaria Aslam University of York  \nYork, UK [maria.aslam@york.ac.uk](maria.aslam@york.ac.uk)  \nMichael J. de C. Henshaw Loughborough University  \nLoughborough, UK[m.j.d.henshaw@lboro.ac.uk](m.j.d.henshaw@lboro.ac.uk)  \narXiv :2607 . 10347v 1 [ cs . SE] 11 Jul 2026  \nAbstract  \nQuantum technologies are maturing into systems that classical engineering must build, verify and maintain. The model-driven community has begun to respond with quantum-aware pipelinesand languages, and the domain models these produce must be synchronised with the heterogeneous models created and owned by other communities. We argue that existing synchronisation approaches are insufficient for engineered quantum systems. A quantum system description captures superposition and entanglement, which a model transformation could remove undetected, while every structural check passes. To address this, we present the Quantum Systems Model Management (QSysMM) Framework, which guides the construction and synchronisation of the models of a quantum system into a digital single source of truth. The framework features four concerns: ontological, abstraction, composition and exposure, each given the treatment that engineered quantum systems require. Within this framework, we propose a Quantum Systems Modelling Language (QSysML) on the SysMLv2 technology stack, and we close with a proposal that matures this synchronisation core into full model management for quantum systems.  \nCCS Concepts  \n• Software and its engineering → Model-driven software engineering; System description languages; Domain specific languages; Development frameworks and environments; • Computer systems organization → Quantum computing; • Hardware → Quantum technologies.  \nKeywords  \nmodel management, model synchronisation, model transformation, model federation, SysML v2, quantum systems engineering  \n1 Introduction  \nQuantum technologies are evolving from laboratory experiments into engineered systems that operate within classical infrastructure.  \nThe development of such systems draws on several engineering communities at once. Each community describes the same system in terms of its own semantic domain to represent matters of relevance or importance to its stakeholders (concern)s [13] . To illustrate this, consider transmons, which are superconducting circuits that serve as the physical qubits ofthe quantum computer, each holding one bit of quantum information. Several transmons are combined to implement a bit-flip code, a simple quantum error-correction scheme that encodes information across several physical qubits so that certain errors can be detected and corrected. Table 1 describes one such transmon from four semantic domains. Although the four descriptions refer to the same physical system, the properties that one community requires are computed in models that another community maintains. The logical error rate that a quantum software engineer reads, for example, depends on physical models outside the software domain. The engineering of the system therefore requires these heterogeneous descriptions to remain consistent with one another.  \nAn established response to this requirement is a single source of truth, one federated m","cbCais2WnVfB0boy","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCais2WnVfB0boy","pdf",584277,3,1,5,"English","en",105,"# Abstract\n# 1 Introduction\n## Motivation: engineered quantum systems and heterogeneous models\n## Single source of truth and the challenge of synchronization\n## Background: related MBSE and model-driven work","[{\"question\":\"Why is model synchronization difficult in engineered quantum systems?\",\"answer\":\"Quantum systems need multiple domain-specific descriptions to stay consistent across community boundaries. Even when models are correct internally, they may represent different mathematical objects and lack automatic mechanisms to relate them, making synchronization the core challenge.\"},{\"question\":\"What problem can model transformation introduce in quantum system descriptions?\",\"answer\":\"A transformation could remove quantum properties such as superposition and entanglement without triggering any structural check, meaning the resulting model may lose essential semantics while still appearing well-formed.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the QSysMM Framework aim to achieve?\",\"answer\":\"QSysMM guides building and synchronizing quantum system models into a digital single source of truth. It addresses four concerns—ontological, abstraction, composition, and exposure—and motivates a QSysML approach on the SysMLv2 technology stack.\"}]",1784212029,13,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"a-framework-for-managing-the-models-of-engineered-quantum-systems","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,53,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,50],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",{"item":51,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":52},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/a-framework-for-managing-the-models-of-engineered-quantum-systems/86480/",4,{"url":51,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":41,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-26","2026-07-16",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"Why is model synchronization difficult in engineered quantum systems?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"Quantum systems need multiple domain-specific descriptions to stay consistent across community boundaries. Even when models are correct internally, they may represent different mathematical objects and lack automatic mechanisms to relate them, making synchronization the core challenge.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"What problem can model transformation introduce in quantum system descriptions?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"A transformation could remove quantum properties such as superposition and entanglement without triggering any structural check, meaning the resulting model may lose essential semantics while still appearing well-formed.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"What does the QSysMM Framework aim to achieve?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"QSysMM guides building and synchronizing quantum system models into a digital single source of truth. It addresses four concerns—ontological, abstraction, composition, and exposure—and motivates a QSysML approach on the SysMLv2 technology stack.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":51,"og:type":87,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":58,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":89,"canonical":51},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":92},[93,97,101,105,109,114,119,122,127,130,134],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":106,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":108},"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":110,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":120,"slug":121},30,"research-report",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":126},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":125,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":129},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":131,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":132,"show_sort_weight":131,"slug":133},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":135,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":136,"show_sort_weight":22,"slug":137},19,"General","general"]