[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-459538-105":59,"doc-detail-459538-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","a-flexible-wireless-skin-patch-for-synchronized-glucose-monitoring-and-regulation","A flexible wireless skin patch for synchronized glucose monitoring and regulation","","Conventional diabetes care relies on frequent invasive glucose sampling and subcutaneous medication to coordinate monitoring and therapy. The work proposes a flexible, wearable, battery-free skin patch enabling smartphone-mediated wireless control that couples painless glucose sensing with drug regulation. The device integrates bendable fluorescent hydrogel microneedles for minimally invasive monitoring (50–450 mg/dL) and thermoresponsive microneedles for metformin delivery, accurately tracking interstitial glucose in diabetic mice and lowering blood glucose within 1 hour.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/a-flexible-wireless-skin-patch-for-synchronized-glucose-monitoring-and-regulation/459538/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/a-flexible-wireless-skin-patch-for-synchronized-glucose-monitoring-and-regulation/459538.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Connor ","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What problem does this flexible wireless skin patch target in diabetes care?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"It targets the need for frequent invasive glucose testing and injectable medication by combining painless glucose monitoring with coordinated drug regulation in a wearable patch.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How does the patch perform glucose monitoring?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"It uses bendable fluorescent hydrogel microneedles for minimally invasive glucose sensing within a reported range of 50 to 450 mg/dL.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How does the patch deliver metformin for glucose regulation?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"It incorporates thermoresponsive microneedles that support metformin delivery when hyperglycemia is detected, with blood glucose reduction observed within 1 hour.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},459538,1791073472,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146,"preview_page_count":4},687207022233,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Lin et al. Microsystems & Nanoengineering (2026)12:23 [https://doi.org/10.1038/s41378-025-01](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41378-025-01)138-4  \nMicrosystems & Nanoengineering  \n[www.nature.com/micronano](www.nature.com/micronano)  \nARTICLE Open Access  \nA flexible wireless skin patch for synchronized glucose monitoring and regulation  \nRui Lin1, Zhixian Jiang2, Yanzhi Chi1, Lili Xing1, Zhihe Long1 ✉, Xinyu Xue1 ✉ and Meihua Chen3 ✉  \nAbstract  \nConventional diabetes management requires frequent invasive procedures such as finger-prick blood sampling and subcutaneous injections to coordinate glucose monitoring and medication. Here, we propose a novel, flexible, wearable, battery-free skin patch that synchronizes painless glucose monitoring and regulation capabilities with smartphone-mediated wireless control. This patch integrates bendable fluorescent hydrogel microneedles for minimally invasive glucose monitoring (50 to 450 mg/dL range) and thermoresponsive microneedles for metformin delivery. In diabetic mouse models, it accurately tracked interstitial glucose levels and, upon hyperglycemia detection, reduced blood glucose within 1 h (effects lasting 5–6 h) . This system provides glucose monitoring with wireless data transmission and precise drug administration while eliminating pain, infection risk, and high costs. Its lightweight, disposable design offers a practical solution for improved diabetes care.  \nIntroduction  \nDiabetes mellitus has reached epidemic proportions, affecting 537 million adults worldwide in 2021, with projections suggesting this will rise to 643 million by 20301,2. Prolonged hyperglycemia can lead to serious complications such as cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, and retinopathy3. For patients with pancreatic dysfunction, maintaining glycemic control requires both continuous glucose monitoring and precise therapeutic intervention, currently achieved through painful fingerstick measurements (3–10 daily tests) or invasive subcutaneous continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems4,5. Patients face significant challenges, including painful procedures, frequent infections (12.3%), and prohibitive expenses with current technologies. Additionally, frequent monitoring and medication schedules can significantly disrupt patients’ daily lives, and improper dosages of drugs can also lead to the risk of  \nCorrespondence: Zhihe Long ([zh.long@uestc.edu.cn](zh.long@uestc.edu.cn)) or  \nXinyu Xue ([xuexinyu@uestc.edu.cn](xuexinyu@uestc.edu.cn)) or  \nMeihua Chen ([chenmeihua@scszlyy.org.cn](chenmeihua@scszlyy.org.cn))  \n1School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China  \n2School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China  \nFull list of author information is available at the end of the article  \nhypoglycemia6. These unresolved challenges highlight the urgent need for miniaturized, cost-effective solutions that maintain precision while improving user compliance.  \nPresently, researchers are actively exploring the development of wearable systems that realize glucose monitoring and regulation7–14. In terms of glucose monitoring, researchers are focusing on minimally invasive methods, such as electrochemical detection using glucose oxidase and boronic acid-based fluorescent and colorimetric methods15–23. To overcome challenges associated with external variables (e.g., temperature, pH) and to address issues like contamination and sample dilution, scientists have proposed directly analyzing interstitial fluid (ISF) beneath the skin24–26. Metal microneedles have been designed based on electrochemical sensing principles to achieve painless intradermal electrochemical biosensing27–30. However, due to the flexible nature of human skin and muscle, rigid microneedles may face issues with maintaining consistent contact during body movement, leading to measurement errors. Additionally, the constant relative motion ","cbCaipt3eeeBJdJl","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipt3eeeBJdJl","pdf",4654007,17,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Related Work and Challenges\n# Glucose Regulation Approaches","[{\"question\":\"What problem does this flexible wireless skin patch target in diabetes care?\",\"answer\":\"It targets the need for frequent invasive glucose testing and injectable medication by combining painless glucose monitoring with coordinated drug regulation in a wearable patch.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the patch perform glucose monitoring?\",\"answer\":\"It uses bendable fluorescent hydrogel microneedles for minimally invasive glucose sensing within a reported range of 50 to 450 mg/dL.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the patch deliver metformin for glucose regulation?\",\"answer\":\"It incorporates thermoresponsive microneedles that support metformin delivery when hyperglycemia is detected, with blood glucose reduction observed within 1 hour.\"}]","A flexible wireless skin patch for synchronized glucose monitoring and regulation | PDF",1790756175,43]