[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-84056-en":3,"doc-seo-84056-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},84056,1374391975076,"Riley","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/14000253ca4ec9f6853?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1783305029341752051",8,"Research & Report","A Dual-CRDT Architecture for Decentralized Trust Governance and Evolution","CRDTs enable decentralized replication and eventual consistency, but Byzantine-resilient deployments require mechanisms to decide which updates are trusted and therefore included in the reconstructed state. Trust relationships and governance rules can change as participants join or leave, identities change, and policies are revised. This paper proposes a dual-CRDT design with a Trust CRDT that stores/evolves governance and a Data CRDT reconstructed deterministically from that governance. Governance becomes replicated state, updated through ordinary CRDT operations, enabling recursive governance evolution. ","arXiv :2607 .06068v 1 [ cs .DC] 7 Jul 2026  \nA Dual-CRDT Architecture for Decentralized Trust Governance and Evolution  \nAmos Brocco 1  \nUniversity of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, [Switzerland](Switzerland amos.brocco@supsi.ch)[ amos.brocco@supsi.ch](Switzerland amos.brocco@supsi.ch)  \nAbstract. While CRDTs provide decentralized replication and eventual consistency, Byzantine-resilient deployments require mechanisms for deciding which updates should be trusted and therefore contribute to thereconstructed state. In practice, the trust relationships underlying these decisions may evolve over time as participants join or leave, identities change, and governance rules are revised. However, the information used to make trust decisions is typically managed outside the replicated state itself. This paper introduces a dual-CRDT architecture composed of a Trust CRDT and a Data CRDT. The Trust CRDT stores and evolves governance information, while the Data CRDT is reconstructed according to the trust configuration derived from the Trust CRDT. Governance therefore becomes replicated state rather than an externally managed artifact. Building upon deterministic reconstruction and Byzantine trust filtering, the proposed model allows trust relationships and governance rules to evolve through ordinary CRDT updates. The resulting architecture provides a recursive governance model in which governance rules determine their own future evolution while simultaneously governing application data. The approach is implemented as a prototype on top of Melda and melda-sec and should be viewed as an initial exploration of decentralized trust governance and evolution for Byzantine-resilient CRDT systems.  \n1 Introduction  \nConflict-free Replicated Data Types (CRDTs) [5,8,9] provide Strong Eventual Consistency (SEC) without coordination, allowing replicas to evolve independently while guaranteeing convergence when they observe the same set of updates [6] . Delta-state CRDTs (δ-CRDTs) [1,7] further improve efficiency by propagating compact, idempotent deltas rather than complete states.  \nIn open and decentralized environments, however, data consistency is only part of the problem. Replicas must also determine which updates should be trusted. Practical systems therefore require trust configurations defining trusted identities, authorization policies, endorsement requirements, and revocation mechanisms. Traditionally, such trust configurations are managed externally to the replicated data itself. Public keys, authorization rules, and security policies are  \n2 A. Brocco  \ntypically distributed out-of-band through administrative procedures or centralized infrastructure. While sufficient in static environments, this approach becomes problematic in decentralized systems where trust relationships evolve overtime. Participants may join or leave, authorization policies may change, cryptographic keys may be rotated, and previously accepted content may later need tobe revoked.  \nIn our previous work, we introduced deterministic reconstruction as a mechanism for achieving Byzantine-resilient convergence without requiring global agreement on update validity [2] . We subsequently extended this model with fine-grained trust management, decoupling identity-based trust from contentbased trust and introducing whitelist and blacklist mechanisms for selective post-compromise handling [3] . Both approaches assume the existence of a trust configuration used during reconstruction, but leave open the question of how such a configuration is established, distributed, and evolved in a decentralized system.  \nIn this paper, we introduce a dual-CRDT architecture composed of a Trust CRDT and a Data CRDT. The Trust CRDT maintains the current trust configuration, while the Data CRDT stores application data. State reconstruction of the Data CRDT is parameterized by the trust configuration obtained from the reconstructed state of the Trust CRDT. As a result, tru","cbCaieGl76MosyuX","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaieGl76MosyuX","pdf",188474,10,1,13,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n# Background\n# The Trust Evolution Problem","[{\"question\":\"Why do Byzantine-resilient CRDT deployments need explicit trust governance?\",\"answer\":\"They must decide which updates are trusted so only acceptable updates contribute to the reconstructed state. Traditional trust configurations are often maintained outside the replicated data.\"},{\"question\":\"What problem does the paper address about trust configuration over time?\",\"answer\":\"Trust relationships and governance rules evolve with participant membership changes, identity changes, key rotations, and possible revocations, while the information used for trust decisions is typically managed externally.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the dual-CRDT architecture work in this proposal?\",\"answer\":\"It uses a Trust CRDT to store and evolve the current trust configuration, and a Data CRDT whose state is reconstructed deterministically using the Trust CRDT’s configuration. This makes governance an internal replicated state rather than an external artifact.\"}]",1784192272,33,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":87,"head_meta":89,"extra_data":91,"updated_unix":28},"a-dual-crdt-architecture-for-decentralized-trust-governance-and-evolution","",{"@graph":36,"@context":86},[37,54,69],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/a-dual-crdt-architecture-for-decentralized-trust-governance-and-evolution/84056/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":63,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":64,"interactionStatistic":65},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-25","2026-07-16",true,{"@type":66,"interactionType":67,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":68},"ViewAction",{"@type":70,"mainEntity":71},"FAQPage",[72,78,82],{"name":73,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":75},"Why do Byzantine-resilient CRDT deployments need explicit trust governance?","Question",{"text":76,"@type":77},"They must decide which updates are trusted so only acceptable updates contribute to the reconstructed state. Traditional trust configurations are often maintained outside the replicated data.","Answer",{"name":79,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":80},"What problem does the paper address about trust configuration over time?",{"text":81,"@type":77},"Trust relationships and governance rules evolve with participant membership changes, identity changes, key rotations, and possible revocations, while the information used for trust decisions is typically managed externally.",{"name":83,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":84},"How does the dual-CRDT architecture work in this proposal?",{"text":85,"@type":77},"It uses a Trust CRDT to store and evolve the current trust configuration, and a Data CRDT whose state is reconstructed deterministically using the Trust CRDT’s configuration. 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