[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-414146-105":59,"doc-detail-414146-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","a-dictionary-and-thesaurus-of-contemporary-figurative-language-and-metaphor-2022-edition","A Dictionary and Thesaurus of Contemporary Figurative Language and Metaphor - 2022 Edition","","The 2022 third edition of a dictionary and thesaurus documents contemporary figurative language and metaphor in everyday English, emphasizing the ways social groups, social media, and social change shape figurative usage. Entries describe target and source relations and highlight cognitive-linguistic patterns with tags such as shape, direction, feeling, and past vs. present. The work supports ESL/EFL teaching and curriculum development by going beyond literal word senses, and it is also valuable for metaphor detection research using NLP, AI, and social-media analysis.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":15,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/literature/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/a-dictionary-and-thesaurus-of-contemporary-figurative-language-and-metaphor-2022-edition/414146/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/a-dictionary-and-thesaurus-of-contemporary-figurative-language-and-metaphor-2022-edition/414146.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Jacob","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",15,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What is the purpose of the 2022 edition of the dictionary and thesaurus?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"It identifies and classifies figurative language and metaphor used in contemporary everyday English, focusing on distinguishing collocates and target-source relations.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How does the work help ESL/EFL teaching?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"It encourages attention to non-literal senses beyond the first dictionary sense, supporting teachers in explaining and classifying figurative meanings and word usage.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What kinds of research applications are mentioned?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The text notes use as a dataset for metaphor detection and for work in NLP, AI, and social-media analysis.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},414146,1790817705,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":14,"category_name":15,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146},962084931830,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","The third and latest (2022) edition of this dictionary and thesaurus of contemporary figurative language and metaphor has been updated to better reflect the language of groups, social media, and social change. The work seeks to identify language used figuratively in everyday contemporary English, along with its distinguishing collocates. The first entry is ablaze, and the last entry is Zuckerberg (the Russian Mark Zuckerberg, etc.). Each entry is tagged by what cognitive linguists sometimes describe as target and source; in general, each entry seeks to highlight a physical basis. Tags include ones like shape; direction; weight; trips & journeys; past & present; feeling & emotion, etc. The compiler is a lifelong EFL teacher of adult military students in Saudi Arabia, and his interest in figurative language arose during his work. The result reinforces that language used figuratively based on our lives and experiences is common and important in all types of communication. For example, a “tug-of-war” from the experience of our childhood can describe a struggle with radar on a plane that results in hundreds of fatalities, anda “conversation” nowadays often suggests much more than simply a talk between two people. The work has implications for ESL / EFL teaching, which tends to focus on the literal meanings of words, usually the first sense in a dictionary. Clearly, more attention should be paid to other senses of words, and this work will help to identify and classify them. This is a reference for ESL / EFL teachers, curriculum developers, materials writers, and teacher trainers. However, it has also been found useful as a dataset by linguists and computer experts interested in metaphor detection, natural language processing (NLP), artificial intelligence (AI), and social-media analysis. Preliminary short discussions based on the work include (1) 60 + common metaphors (2) Collocation (3) Epithets (4) Persons (5) The “container” metaphor (6) Grammatical metaphor, fictive verbs, etc. (7) Past, present and future (8) Allusions (9) Euphemisms (10) Gestures and bodily reactions (11) Shapes and parts-whole (12) Animacy (13) Persistence, survival and endurance (14) Quotations (15) Synonyms and opposites (16) Lessons and exercises (17) To the ESL / EFL teacher, which focuses on how the dictionary and thesaurus impacts the knowledge and experience base of the ESL / EFL teacher and (18) An alphabetized list of the thesaurus categories.  \nA Dictionary and Thesaurus of Contemporary Figurative Language and Metaphor 2022  \nby Joseph Gagen Stockdale III  \nMay 3 , 2022  \nTable of contents  \n1. Dedication 4  \n2. Introduction 5-9  \n3. 60 + common metaphors 10-16  \n4. Collocation 17  \n5. Epithets 18-19  \n6. Persons 20  \n7. The “container” metaphor 21  \n8. Grammatical metaphor, fictive verbs, etc. 22  \n9. Past, present and future 23  \n10. Allusions 24  \n11. Euphemisms 25-27  \n12. Gestures and bodily reactions 28  \n13. Shapes and parts-whole 29  \n14. Animacy 30-32  \n15. Persistence, survival and endurance 33-35  \n16. Quotations 36-38  \n17. Synonyms and opposites 39-41  \n18. Lessons and exercises 42-43  \n19. To the EFL / ESL teacher 44-48  \n20. An alphabetized list of the thesaurus categories 49-55  \n21. The dictionary of collocations 56-1153  \n22. The thesaurus / categories 1154-1574  \nDedication  \nTo my father—a teacher and a theater man. I thought of you every time I added a word or expression to the category of theater in the thesaurus.  \nAnd to my students—Emiratis, Hondurans, Mexicans, Moldovans, Ukrainians, Kosovars—past, present and future.  \nBut this work is especially dedicated to the adult military students I taught in Saudi Arabia, starting in 1983 and ending in 2017.  \nThe lyric from Mutanabbi that you taught me will beat in my heart as long as my heart beats.  \nI know the desert well, The night, the mounted men.  \nThe battle and the sword, The paper and the pen.  \nJoseph Gagen Stockdale III  \nIntroduction  \nI compiled this work with my adu","cbCaikXxnb16jIbq","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikXxnb16jIbq","pdf",29957497,1574,"English","# Dedication\n# Introduction\n# 60 + common metaphors\n# Collocation\n# Epithets\n# Persons\n# The “container” metaphor\n# Grammatical metaphor, fictive verbs, etc.\n# Past, present and future\n# Allusions\n# Euphemisms\n# Gestures and bodily reactions\n# Shapes and parts-whole\n# Animacy\n# Persistence, survival and endurance\n# Quotations\n# Synonyms and opposites\n# Lessons and exercises\n# To the EFL / ESL teacher\n# An alphabetized list of the thesaurus categories\n# The dictionary of collocations\n# The thesaurus / categories","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of the 2022 edition of the dictionary and thesaurus?\",\"answer\":\"It identifies and classifies figurative language and metaphor used in contemporary everyday English, focusing on distinguishing collocates and target-source relations.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the work help ESL/EFL teaching?\",\"answer\":\"It encourages attention to non-literal senses beyond the first dictionary sense, supporting teachers in explaining and classifying figurative meanings and word usage.\"},{\"question\":\"What kinds of research applications are mentioned?\",\"answer\":\"The text notes use as a dataset for metaphor detection and for work in NLP, AI, and social-media analysis.\"}]","A Dictionary and Thesaurus of Contemporary Figurative Language and Metaphor - 2022 Edition | PDF",1790596782,2424]