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It focused on Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) processes within a performance-based higher education governance context. Method: a mixed-methods design within a Design Science Research (DSR) framework integrated AHP, DEMATEL and DANP to prioritize BPR critical success factors. Results: top management support, effective project management and technological competence drove the system, with key sub-factors shaping a three-layer architecture and a BPR–DSR blueprint. Pilot results showed faster data validation, fewer entry errors, and better cross-unit coordination. Conclusions: the work extends BPR scholarship and provides a practical roadmap aligned with national performance targets.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/a-design-science-research-based-business-process-reengineering-methodology-to-improve-off-campus-learning-performance-in-indonesian-public-universities-abstract/231768/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/a-design-science-research-based-business-process-reengineering-methodology-to-improve-off-campus-learning-performance-in-indonesian-public-universities-abstract/231768.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"8796093062539","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-02","2026-09-10",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What is the study’s purpose in Indonesian public universities?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The study develops and validates a Business Process Reengineering (BPR) methodology to improve IKU 2, students’ off-campus learning experiences.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"Which methods are integrated in the Design Science Research framework?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"The research uses a mixed-methods design within DSR, integrating AHP, DEMATEL, and DEMATEL-based Analytic Network Process (DANP) to prioritize and map causal relationships among BPR critical success factors.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What factors were identified as dominant drivers of the BPR system?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Top management support, effective project management, and technological competence were identified as dominant system drivers, while resource allocation, comprehensive planning, and availability of technological infrastructure were the most influential sub-factors.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},231768,1789066995,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":66,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":130,"read_time":36,"preview_page_count":4},8796093062539,"Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología. 2026; 6:2706 doi: 10.56294/saludcyt20262706  \nORIGINAL  \nA Design Science Research Based Business Process Reengineering Methodology to Improve Off Campus Learning Performance in Indonesian Public Universities  \nUna metodología de reingeniería de procesos de negocio basada en Design Science Research para mejorar el desempeño del aprendizaje fuera del campus en las universidades públicas de Indonesia  \nKhalida Syahputri1  􀀍 , Rosnani Ginting1 , Humala L. Napitupulu1 , Aulia Ishak1   \n1Universitas Sumatera Utara, Industrial Engineering. Medan, Indonesia.  \nCite as: Syahputri K, Ginting R, L. Napitupulu H, Ishak A. A Design Science Research Based Business Process Reengineering Methodology to Improve Off Campus Learning Performance in Indonesian Public Universities. Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología. 2026; 6:2706 . [https://doi](https://doi). org/10.56294/saludcyt20262706  \nSubmitted: 02-09-2025 Revised: 30-10-2025 Accepted: 11-12-2025 Published: 01-01-2026  \nEditor: Prof. Dr. William Castillo-González   \nCorresponding Author: Khalida Syahputri 􀀍  \nABSTRACT  \nIntroduction: this study developed and validated a Business Process Reengineering (BPR) methodology to improve Key Performance Indicator 2 (IKU 2, students’ off-campus learning experiences) in Indonesian public universities. It focused on Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) processes within a performance-based higher education governance context.  \nMethod: the study adopted a mixed-methods design within a Design Science Research (DSR) framework. It integrated the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), DEMATEL, and DEMATEL-based Analytic Network Process (DANP) to prioritise and map causal relationships among BPR critical success factors. Data were collected through AHP and DEMATEL questionnaires completed by experts, supported by key informant interviews and document analysis.  \nResults: the results showed that top management support, effective project management, and technological competence acted as dominant system drivers, while resource allocation, comprehensive planning, and availability of technological infrastructure emerged as the most influential sub-factors. These elements were organised into a three-layer architecture and a BPR–DSR blueprint that guided process redesign, governance adjustments, and dashboard-based monitoring of IKU 2. Pilot application indicated that MBKM data validation time decreased by approximately 25–30 percent compared with the baseline semester, data entry errors were reduced by around 40 percent, and cross-unit coordination improved noticeably.  \nConclusions: the study extended BPR scholarship to performance-based higher education governance, demonstrated the usefulness of hybrid multi-criteria decision-making within a DSR cycle, and offered PTN-BH institutions a practical roadmap for evidence-based process transformation aligned with national performance targets.  \nKeywords: Business Process Reengineering; Design Science Research; DEMATEL Based ANP; Higher Education Performance; Off Campus Learning (IKU 2); Indonesian Public Universities.  \nRESUMEN  \nIntroducción: este estudio desarrolló y validó una metodología de Business Process Reengineering (BPR) para mejorar el Indicador Kunci Kinerja 2 (IKU 2, experiencias de aprendizaje fuera del campus de los estudiantes) en universidades públicas indonesias. Se centró en los procesos de Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) dentro de un contexto de gobernanza de la educación superior basada en el desempeño.  \nMétodo: el estudio adoptó un diseño de métodos mixtos dentro de un marco de Design Science Research  \n© 2026; Los autores. Este es un artículo en acceso abierto, distribuido bajo los términos de una licencia Creative Commons ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) ) que permite el uso, distribución y reproducción en cualquier medio siempre que la obra original sea correctamente citada  \nSalud, Ciencia y Te","cbCaihyKx6HlLG0y","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihyKx6HlLG0y","pdf",583499,16,"English","# ABSTRACT\n## Introduction\n## Method\n## Results\n## Conclusions\n## Keywords","[{\"question\":\"What is the study’s purpose in Indonesian public universities?\",\"answer\":\"The study develops and validates a Business Process Reengineering (BPR) methodology to improve IKU 2, students’ off-campus learning experiences.\"},{\"question\":\"Which methods are integrated in the Design Science Research framework?\",\"answer\":\"The research uses a mixed-methods design within DSR, integrating AHP, DEMATEL, and DEMATEL-based Analytic Network Process (DANP) to prioritize and map causal relationships among BPR critical success factors.\"},{\"question\":\"What factors were identified as dominant drivers of the BPR system?\",\"answer\":\"Top management support, effective project management, and technological competence were identified as dominant system drivers, while resource allocation, comprehensive planning, and availability of technological infrastructure were the most influential sub-factors.\"}]","A Design Science Research Based Business Process Reengineering Methodology to Improve Off Campus Learning Performance in Indonesian Public Universities - Abstract | PDF"]