[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-108921-en":3,"doc-seo-108921-105":31,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":93},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":28,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":29,"read_time":30},108921,13056703019662,"Evangeline","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/be000253a8e92610077?_k=1778726343310543188",8,"Research & Report","A Country Private Sector Diagnostic - Creating Markets in Myanmar - Building Markets for a Sustainable Economic Recovery","The report provides a country private sector diagnostic for Myanmar, assessing the unfinished transition and the current state of private-sector development. It highlights how gains from reforms remain incomplete and argues for deeper market-based reforms to strengthen development outcomes. The analysis maps key cross-cutting constraints across firms’ supply conditions, including access to finance, skilled workers, land, infrastructure, and investment regulation. It concludes with targeted policy recommendations to tackle enabling-sector bottlenecks and establish a governance framework for infrastructure development.","A COUNTRY PRIVATE SECTOR DIAGNOSTIC  \nCREATING MARKETS IN MYANMAR  \nblisclosure Authorized u li iD sc os re Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized  \nBuilding Markets for a Sustainable Economic Recovery  \nMay 2020  \nA COUNTRY PRIVATE SECTOR DIAGNOSTIC  \nCREATING MARKETS IN MYANMAR  \nBuilding Markets for a Sustainable Economic Recovery  \nABOUT IFC  \nIFC—a sister organization of the World Bank and member of the World Bank Group—is the largest global development institution focused on the private sector in emerging markets. We work with more than 2,000 businesses worldwide, using our capital, expertise, and influence to create markets and opportunities in the toughest areas of the world. In FY17, we delivered a record $19.3 billion in long-term financing for developing countries, leveraging the power of the private sector to help end poverty and boost shared prosperity. For more information, [visit www.ifc.org](visit www.ifc.org).  \n© International Finance Corporation 2018. All rights reserved.  \n2121 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.  \nWashington, D.C. 20433 [www.ifc.org](www.ifc.org)  \nThe material in this work is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. IFC does not guarantee the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the content included in this work, or for the conclusions or judgments described herein, and accepts no responsibility or liability for any omissions or errors (including, without limitation, typographical errors and technical errors) in the content whatsoever or for reliance thereon.  \nThe findings, interpretations, views, and conclusions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of the International Finance Corporation or of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (the World Bank) or the governments they represent.  \nThis publication uses U.S. spelling. All mentions of dollars refer to U.S. dollars, unless otherwise indicated.  \nCover Photos: Bagan, Myanmar / World Bank  \nCONTENTS  \nABBREVIATIONS ii  \nACKNOWLEDGMENTS iv  \nINTRODUCTION v  \nEXECUTIVE SUMMARY vi  \n1 MYANMAR’S UNFINISHED TRANSITION 1  \n1.1. Triple Transition Brings Significant Gains 1  \n1.2. Myanmar’s Transition Far from Complete 3  \n1.3. Authorities Need to Deepen Market-Based Reforms to Boost Development 6  \n2 STATE OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR 9  \n2.1. Micro and Small Firms Represent a Large Share of Businesses 9  \n2.2. Small but Growing Number of Foreign-Owned Firms 13  \n2.3. SMEs Suffer from Limited Integration and Weak Innovation and 14  \nManagement  \n2.4. Pervasive Cronyism Remains an Obstacle to Market Contestability 17  \n2.5. SEES: A Fiscal Drag And Policy Capture 20  \n3 ANALYSIS OF KEY CROSS-CUTTING CONSTRAINTS 21  \n3.1. Firms Constrained on the Supply Side 21  \n3.2. Access to Finance 23  \n3.3. Access to Skilled Workers 27  \n3.4 Access to Land 29  \n3.5. Access to Infrastructure 31  \n3.6. Regulatory Environment for Investment 39  \n4 POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS 45  \n4.1. Tackle Cross-Cutting Constraints in Critical Enabling Sectors 45  \n4.2. Establish a New Governance Framework for Infrastructure Development 48  \n4.3. Foster a Responsible and Globally Integrated Business Sector 50  \nAPPENDIX 53  \nAppendix A: Myanmar’s Main Trade Corridors 53  \nAppendix B: Background Analysis of Selected Sectors 55  \nAppendix C: Sector Contributions to the Economy 68  \nNOTES 77  \nREFERENCES 79  \nABBREVIATIONS  \nASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations CBM Central Bank of Myanmar  \nCMP cut-make-pack  \nCPSD Country Private Sector Diagnostic  \nDAO Development Affairs Office  \nDICA Directorate of Investment and Company Administration EAO ethnic armed organization  \nEBA everything but arms  \nEU European Union  \nFDI foreign direct investment  \nFOB free on board  \nFY fiscal year  \nGDP gross domestic product  \nGSP Generalized System of Trade Preferences  \nHCI Human Capital Index  \nICT information and communicat","cbCais5rrxMF7mgT","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCais5rrxMF7mgT","pdf",5443201,5,1,104,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n# Executive Summary\n# Myanmar’s Unfinished Transition\n## Triple Transition Brings Significant Gains\n## Myanmar’s Transition Far from Complete\n## Authorities Need to Deepen Market-Based Reforms to Boost Development\n# State of the Private Sector\n## Micro and Small Firms Represent a Large Share of Businesses\n## Small but Growing Number of Foreign-Owned Firms\n## SMEs Suffer from Limited Integration and Weak Innovation\n## Pervasive Cronyism Remains an Obstacle to Market Contestability\n## SEES: A Fiscal Drag And Policy Capture\n# Analysis of Key Cross-Cutting Constraints\n## Firms Constrained on the Supply Side\n## Access to Finance\n## Access to Skilled Workers\n## Access to Land\n## Access to Infrastructure\n## Regulatory Environment for Investment\n# Policy Recommendations\n## Tackle Cross-Cutting Constraints in Critical Enabling Sectors\n## Establish a New Governance Framework for Infrastructure Development\n## Foster a Responsible and Globally Integrated Business Sector\n# Appendix","[{\"question\":\"What is the main purpose of the Myanmar country private sector diagnostic?\",\"answer\":\"It diagnoses the state of Myanmar’s private sector and identifies gaps in the transition, focusing on why market-based reforms need to deepen to support development outcomes.\"},{\"question\":\"Which major constraints does the report analyze across the private sector?\",\"answer\":\"It examines supply-side constraints and specific areas including access to finance, skilled workers, land, infrastructure, and the regulatory environment for investment.\"},{\"question\":\"What policy directions are recommended to address these constraints?\",\"answer\":\"The recommendations emphasize tackling cross-cutting constraints in enabling sectors, creating a new governance framework for infrastructure development, and fostering a responsible, globally integrated business sector.\"}]","A Country Private Sector Diagnostic - Creating Markets in Myanmar - Building Markets for a Sustainable Economic Recovery | PDF",1784474994,262,{"code":4,"msg":32,"data":33},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":34,"title":13,"keywords":35,"description":14,"schema_data":36,"social_meta":88,"head_meta":90,"extra_data":92,"updated_unix":29},"a-country-private-sector-diagnostic-creating-markets-in-myanmar-building-markets-for-a-sustainable-economic-recovery","",{"@graph":37,"@context":87},[38,55,70],{"@type":39,"itemListElement":40},"BreadcrumbList",[41,45,49,52],{"item":42,"name":43,"@type":44,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":46,"name":47,"@type":44,"position":48},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":50,"name":12,"@type":44,"position":51},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":53,"name":13,"@type":44,"position":54},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/a-country-private-sector-diagnostic-creating-markets-in-myanmar-building-markets-for-a-sustainable-economic-recovery/108921/",4,{"url":53,"name":13,"@type":56,"author":57,"headline":13,"publisher":59,"fileFormat":62,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":63,"datePublished":64,"encodingFormat":62,"isAccessibleForFree":65,"interactionStatistic":66},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":58},"Person",{"url":42,"name":60,"@type":61},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-30","2026-07-19",true,{"@type":67,"interactionType":68,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":69},"ViewAction",{"@type":71,"mainEntity":72},"FAQPage",[73,79,83],{"name":74,"@type":75,"acceptedAnswer":76},"What is the main purpose of the Myanmar country private sector diagnostic?","Question",{"text":77,"@type":78},"It diagnoses the state of Myanmar’s private sector and identifies gaps in the transition, focusing on why market-based reforms need to deepen to support development outcomes.","Answer",{"name":80,"@type":75,"acceptedAnswer":81},"Which major constraints does the report analyze across the private sector?",{"text":82,"@type":78},"It examines supply-side constraints and specific areas including access to finance, skilled workers, land, infrastructure, and the regulatory environment for investment.",{"name":84,"@type":75,"acceptedAnswer":85},"What policy directions are recommended to address these constraints?",{"text":86,"@type":78},"The recommendations emphasize tackling cross-cutting constraints in enabling sectors, creating a new governance framework for infrastructure development, and fostering a responsible, globally integrated business sector.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":53,"og:type":89,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":60,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":91,"canonical":53},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":94},[95,99,103,107,111,116,121,124,129,132,136],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":96,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":98},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":48,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":100,"show_sort_weight":101,"slug":102},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":54,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":104,"show_sort_weight":105,"slug":106},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":113,"show_sort_weight":114,"slug":115},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":118,"show_sort_weight":119,"slug":120},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":122,"slug":123},30,"research-report",{"id":125,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":126,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":128},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":130,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":131},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":133,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":134,"show_sort_weight":133,"slug":135},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":137,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":138,"show_sort_weight":20,"slug":139},19,"General","general"]