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Describes core beliefs, goals, and tactics of the intelligent design movement and examines controversies involving a widely used high school science textbook and a 2002 debate over Ohio academic content standards in science. Also outlines how proponents frame physical evidence and logic, and how opponents contest the scientific validity and religious implications of intelligent design.",{"@graph":69,"@context":121},[70,84,104],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/a-contemporary-controversy-in-american-education-including-intelligent-design-in-the-science-curriculum/603266/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":98,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":99,"interactionStatistic":100},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/a-contemporary-controversy-in-american-education-including-intelligent-design-in-the-science-curriculum/603266.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"moss~","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":101,"interactionType":102,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":103},"ViewAction",{"@type":105,"mainEntity":106},"FAQPage",[107,113,117],{"name":108,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":110},"What central conflict does the article describe in American education?","Question",{"text":111,"@type":112},"It describes a decades-long struggle between creationists and evolutionists, focused on intelligent design versus its opponents in education.","Answer",{"name":114,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":115},"How do proponents of intelligent design characterize the origin of life?",{"text":116,"@type":112},"They argue that the origin and complexity of life require a supernatural intelligence and cannot be explained by natural causes described by evolutionary science.",{"name":118,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":119},"Why is intelligent design contested by many scientific organizations?",{"text":120,"@type":112},"Many opponents view it as a pseudoscientific form of creationism and link it to legal disputes, including court decisions about whether creationism qualifies as science under constitutional requirements.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":123,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":125,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":127,"site_id":62},603266,1792095996,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":130},{"doc_id":127,"user_id":131,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":132,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":133,"file_id":134,"file_url":135,"file_type":136,"file_size":137,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":138,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":128,"read_time":143},962090895452,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","A Contemporary Controversy in American Education:  \nIncluding Intelligent Design in the Science Curriculum  \nby Vicki D. Johnson  \nAbstract  \nThe battle between creationists and evolutionists has waxed and waned in American culture and education for decades. This conflict is evident in the contemporary debate between the proponents of intelligent design and its opponents. This article illuminates the intelligent design movement by describing major proponents’ beliefs, goals, and tactics, and explores the controversy over a high school science textbook and the 2002 debate over Ohio’s academic content standards in  \nscience.  \nIntelligent design is the belief that the origin and complexities of life can be attributed only to the action of a supernatural intelligence, and that the origin of life cannot be ascribed to natural causes or material mechanisms, such as those described by evolutionary science. In recent years, both proponents and opponents of intelligent design have become increasingly vocal in light of ongoing debates by school districts regarding the inclusion of intelligent design in their science curriculums. Though this article does not fully present and analyze the intelligent-design phenomenon, the author does describe the beliefs of intelligent design proponents and opponents, recounts the controversy surrounding a widely used high school textbook, and relates one state’s journey toward including intelligent design in their science academic content standards.  \nWhat Is Intelligent Design?  \nIntelligent design has emerged as the most recent challenger to evolution. Proponents of this theory say that there are gaps in Darwin’s theory—gaps that are best filled by recognizing the role of an intelligent agent in life’s origin and development. According to Dembski and Ruse (2004, 3),“The claim is simply that there must be something more than ordinary natural causes or material  \n222 Educational Volume  \nEssays  \nmechanisms, and moreover, that something must be intelligent and capable of bringing about organisms.” This definition of intelligent design is predicated on the writings of Behe (1996), who argued that some biological structures are so irreducibly complex that their existence cannot possibly be explained by the evolutionary biology of Darwin.  \nIn an editorial opinion published in The New York Times, Behe (2005) stated that“design should not be overlooked” as a cause for irreducibly complex systems and that intelligent design is the most obvious explanation for the origin of these systems. He also asserted that “the theory of intelligent design is not a religiously based idea” and that “intelligent design itself says nothing about the religious concept of a creator.” He added that intelligent design is an elegant theory that is overwhelmingly and sensibly embraced by the public.  \nThe contemporary argument for intelligent design is based on physical evidence and a straightforward application of logic. We can often recognize the effects of design in nature. For example, unintelligent physical forces like plate tectonics and erosion are sufficient to account for the origin of the Rocky Mountains. Yet they are not enough to explain Mount Rushmore.  \nBehe invoked the popularity of this idea as justification for its truthfulness. Because opinion polls (Newport 2004) demonstrated that 45 percent of the American public believed in creationism and one-third were biblical literalists, Behe (2005) questioned the motivation of scientists who continue to promote the “messiness of evolution”as an explanation for life’s complexities.  \nOpponents of intelligent design, the majority of scientists, and most scientific organizations, do not appreciate the logic of Behe’s proposition. Many opponents view intelligent design as a new, pseudoscientific version of creationism, formulated in reaction to the Supreme Court’s ruling in Edwards v. Aguillard, 482 U.S. 578 (1987) . In this case, the court reviewed a Louisiana law requirin","cbCaivu7vOIx7M0F","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivu7vOIx7M0F","pdf",337540,15,"English","# Abstract\n## Intelligent design vs evolution in education\n## What is intelligent design?\n## Opponents and legal controversy\n## Proponents and movement organizations","[{\"question\":\"What central conflict does the article describe in American education?\",\"answer\":\"It describes a decades-long struggle between creationists and evolutionists, focused on intelligent design versus its opponents in education.\"},{\"question\":\"How do proponents of intelligent design characterize the origin of life?\",\"answer\":\"They argue that the origin and complexity of life require a supernatural intelligence and cannot be explained by natural causes described by evolutionary science.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is intelligent design contested by many scientific organizations?\",\"answer\":\"Many opponents view it as a pseudoscientific form of creationism and link it to legal disputes, including court decisions about whether creationism qualifies as science under constitutional requirements.\"}]","A Contemporary Controversy in American Education - Including Intelligent Design in the Science Curriculum | PDF",38]