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It explains that school violence has multiple, compounding factors and outlines three interconnected components—physical safety, school climate, and student behavior. 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Muhlhausen, Ph. D.  \nDirector, National Institute of Justice  \nThis and other publications and products of the National Institute of Justice can be found at: National Institute of Justice  \nStrengthen Science • Advance Justice [nij.ojp.gov](nij.ojp.gov)  \nOffice of Justice Programs  \nBuilding Solutions • Supporting Communities • Advancing Justice [OJP.gov](OJP.gov)  \nThe National Institute of Justice is the research, development, and evaluation agency of the U.S. Department of Justice. NIJ’s mission is to advance scientific research, development, and evaluation to enhance the administration of justice and public safety.  \nThe National Institute of Justice is a component of the Office of Justice Programs, which also includes the Bureau of Justice Assistance; the Bureau of Justice Statistics; the Office for Victims of Crime; the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention; and the Office of Sex Offender Sentencing, Monitoring, Apprehending, Registering, and Tracking.  \nOpinions or conclusions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.  \nExecutive Summary  \nThis report responds to Senate Report 115-275 accompanying the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019 (P. L. 116-6) (“the Act”) . The Senate report language states the following:  \nResearching School Violence—The Committee provides $1,000,000 for NIJ to continue to develop a model and best practices for comprehensive school safety including identifying the root causes of violence in schools using the four prior years of research conducted under the Comprehensive School Safety Initiative, which funded 100 projects in K–12 schools aimed at preventing school violence in fiscal years 2014 through 2017. NIJ shall provide a report to the Committee within one year of enactment of this act on the model and best practices for schools.  \nThis report details the model and best practices requested by the Committee.  \nResearch suggests that there is no single factor at the root of violence in schools. Rather, it suggests that there are multiple, potentially compounding factors at play. These include delinquent peer associations, antisocial attitudes, and engaging in various forms of antisocial behavior. School climate and a violent school setting are also factor, as is outsiders who enter school grounds.  \nThe framework that the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) developed is intended to address the many manifestations of violence in schools—including, but not limited to, shootings, bullying, fights, gang violence, general misbehavior that may one day become violence at school, and behavior outside the school that may result in violence at school (e.g., cyber bullying and behavior on the school bus) . Schools that employ comprehensive approaches to addressing violence are not immune from school violence. However, implementing a comprehensive approach minimizes the chances of serious violence and prepares schools to recover from the effects of incidents of violence.  \nThe framework has three major components: physical safety, school climate, and student behavior. The framework aligns with the other school safety frameworks found in the research literature and the findings to date from research projects funded by the Comprehensive School Safety Initiative.  \nThe three components of the framework are interconnected. The guiding principles of the framework are:  \n• The field needs to focus on preventing and responding to violence in schools.  \n• No one-size-fits-all approach to preventing school violence exists.  \n• The implementation of a comprehensive","cbCaivCyQvScJgx2","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivCyQvScJgx2","pdf",974873,33,"English","# Executive Summary\n## Background and statutory request\n## Violence risk factors\n## Framework components\n## Guiding principles","[{\"question\":\"What does the report say about the causes of school violence?\",\"answer\":\"It states there is no single root factor and that multiple, potentially compounding factors contribute, including peer associations, antisocial attitudes, and antisocial behavior.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the three major components of the NIJ framework?\",\"answer\":\"The framework has three interconnected components: physical safety, school climate, and student behavior.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the report describe the role of a comprehensive approach in schools?\",\"answer\":\"It explains that comprehensive approaches are not immune to violence, but they reduce the chances of serious incidents and help schools recover after violence-related events.\"}]","A Comprehensive School Safety Framework | PDF",1792055179,83]