[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-121678-en":3,"doc-seo-121678-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":83},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},121678,687197100911,"Himbo","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/a000239b6f1da00475?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1785132997149421697",8,"Research & Report","A comprehensive review for machine learning based human papillomavirus detection in forensic identification with multiple medical samples","Machine learning and deep learning are applied to improve human papillomavirus (HPV) testing aimed not only at sensitivity and specificity, but also at tracing infection sources. The review focuses on recent advances in HPV detection while linking HPV infection with cervical cancer incidence and broader cancer risk. It introduces forensic microbiology foundations and outlines detection workflows, then discusses sampling, DNA/RNA/protein targets, and major microbiological identification approaches relevant to forensic identification.","TYPE Review  \nPUBLISHED 17 July 2023  \nDOI 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1232295  \nOPEN ACCESS  \nEDITED BY  \nChen Li,  \nNortheastern University, China  \nREVIEWED BY  \nHaoyuan Chen, Northeastern University, China Jinghua Zhang,  \nUniversity of Oulu, Finland Jiawei Zhang,  \nNational University of Defense Technology, China  \n*CORRESPONDENCE  \nXinglong Zhang  \n [zhang_cmu4h@163.com](zhang_cmu4h@163.com)  \nRECEIVED 31 May 2023  \nACCEPTED 30 June 2023  \nPUBLISHED 17 July 2023  \nCITATION  \nYao H and Zhang X (2023) A comprehensive review for machine learning based human papillomavirus detection in forensic identification with multiple medical samples. Front. Microbiol. 14:1232295 .  \ndoi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1232295  \nCOPYRIGHT  \n© 2023 Yao and Zhang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.  \nA comprehensive review for machine learning based human papillomavirus detection in forensic identification with multiple medical samples  \nHuanchun Yao 1 and Xinglong Zhang 2*  \n1 Department of Cancer, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China, 2 Department of Hematology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China  \nHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted virus. Cervical cancer is oneof the highest incidences of cancer, almost all patients are accompanied by HPV infection. In addition, the occurrence of a variety of cancers is also associated with HPV infection. HPV vaccination has gained widespread popularity in recent years with the increase in public health awareness. In this context, HPV testing not only needs to be sensitive and specific but also needs to trace the source of HPV infection. Through machine learning and deep learning, information from medical examinations can be used more effectively. In this review, we discuss recent advances in HPV testing in combination with machine learning and deep learning.  \nKEYWORDS  \nhuman papillomavirus, machine learning, deep learning, cervical cancer, forensic identification  \n1. Introduction  \nIn this section, the role of forensic biology is discussed in judicial practice and the laws and regulations related to HPV.  \n1.1. Fundamentals of forensic microbiology  \n1.1.1. Application scenarios of forensic microbiology  \nForensic microbiology is a new field of forensic science. The main task of forensic microbiology is to study the potential of identifying individuals or associating microbial characteristics within microorganisms with objects and the environment. Microbial forensics consists of four main steps: collection and preservation of samples, extraction, analysis, and interpretation of results. Forensic microbiology identifies individuals through the highly personalized microbiome’s microbial characteristics (Schmedes et al., 2017) . The identification of this trait can link a particular individual to criminal activity. As early as 1992, an HIV infection was reported among a dentist and six of their patients who had sought dental treatment. Three independent comparative genetic analyses of the dentist and locally infected patients – genetic distance measurement, phylogenetic tree analysis, and amino acid signature pattern analysis – identified the close association of the virus between the dentist and the six  \nFrontiers in Microbiology 01 [frontiersin.org](frontiersin.org)  \ndental patients (Ou et al., 1992). With the development of technology, forensic biology has been applied in more fields.  \nMicrobes play a vital role in human life, so microorganism detection is of great significance in forensic microbiology (M","cbCaifAeoRHgLLNa","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifAeoRHgLLNa","pdf",1883674,1,16,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## Fundamentals of forensic microbiology\n### Application scenarios of forensic microbiology\n### Current methods of detection","[{\"question\":\"What detection methods are commonly used for microbial DNA in forensic settings?\",\"answer\":\"Detection approaches include 16S rRNA gene sequencing, shotgun metagenomic sequencing, whole-genome sequencing, and culture-based methods, with alternative strategies when pathogens are hard to culture.\"}]","A comprehensive review for machine learning based human papillomavirus detection in forensic identification with multiple medical samples | PDF",1785806164,40,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":78,"head_meta":80,"extra_data":82,"updated_unix":28},"a-comprehensive-review-for-machine-learning-based-human-papillomavirus-detection-in-forensic-identification-with-multiple-medical-samples","",{"@graph":36,"@context":77},[37,54,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/a-comprehensive-review-for-machine-learning-based-human-papillomavirus-detection-in-forensic-identification-with-multiple-medical-samples/121678/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-04",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"What detection methods are commonly used for microbial DNA in forensic settings?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"Detection approaches include 16S rRNA gene sequencing, shotgun metagenomic sequencing, whole-genome sequencing, and culture-based methods, with alternative strategies when pathogens are hard to culture.","Answer","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":79,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":81,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":84},[85,89,93,97,102,107,111,114,119,122,126],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":86,"show_sort_weight":87,"slug":88},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":90,"show_sort_weight":91,"slug":92},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":98,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":99,"show_sort_weight":100,"slug":101},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":103,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":104,"show_sort_weight":105,"slug":106},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":108,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":109,"show_sort_weight":29,"slug":110},7,"Healthcare","healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":129},19,"General","general"]