[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-600847-105":59,"doc-detail-600847-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","a-comparison-of-problems-at-the-grassroots-level-in-india-identified-by-adults-and-children-implications-for-design-and-technology-education","A comparison of problems at the grassroots level in India identified by adults and children - Implications for Design and Technology Education","","Design and Technology (D&T) education emphasizes designing and making while building students’ technological capabilities, where innovation depends on problem solving and problem identification. This study compares differences in problems identified by adults and children at the grassroots level in India. Innovation data come from the National Innovation Foundation (NIF). Adult innovators show a broader diversity of problem areas than conventional expectations, and qualitative differences emerge, including children proposing technology-mediated responses to human behaviour.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/a-comparison-of-problems-at-the-grassroots-level-in-india-identified-by-adults-and-children-implications-for-design-and-technology-education/600847/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/a-comparison-of-problems-at-the-grassroots-level-in-india-identified-by-adults-and-children-implications-for-design-and-technology-education/600847.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"mieayamfan","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the purpose of comparing problems identified by adults and children?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To examine differences in the kinds of problems identified by adults and school students at the grassroots level in India, including reasons for those differences and implications for D&T education.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Where does the study’s innovation data come from?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The data on innovations were accessed from the National Innovation Foundation (NIF) website in India.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What main finding contrasts with common beliefs about children’s creativity?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Contrary to conventional wisdom, the study finds greater diversity in the problems tackled by adults, along with qualitative differences between adult- and child-identified problems.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},600847,1792317385,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":36},962090893677,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","A comparison of problems at the grassroots level in India identified by adults and children: Implications for Design and Technology Education  \nSachin Datt and Sugra Chunawala, Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, India  \nAbstract  \nThe focus of Design and Technology (D&T) education (Wilson & Harris, 2004) has been on designing and making activities and in developing technological capabilities amongst students. Innovation is an important aspect of D&T that helps in creating new products and artefacts to overcome the limitations of existing ones. Problem solving and problem identification are inherent components of innovation and D&T education. This study aims to compare differences in problems identified by adults and children at the grassroots level in India. In particular, we ask what kind of differences are there in problems identified by adults and school students and what could be the reasons for the differences and its implications for design and technology education? The data of innovations was accessed from the website of the National Innovation Foundation (NIF), India. The innovators, both children and adults, had not received any design brief by an external agency and the range of problems identified by them were from diverse areas. We grouped the problem areas into a number of categories. Contrary to conventional wisdom and literature about children being more creative than adults, we found a greater diversity in the problems tackled by adults. More importantly there were qualitative differences in the kind of problems identified by adults and children. Interestingly a category of problems that children identified was related to human behaviour and students attempted to fix these behaviours through technology.  \nKey words  \nInnovation, Creativity, Problem identification, Design and Technology Education, Children, Adults  \nMotivation for the study  \nInnovation, has been recognized as the key driver of economic growth (Gallagher, 2012; Rosenberg, 2004) and there is a wealth of research about innovation and how it can be nurtured in individuals and organizations. However, an important question to ask is, what avenues are available for the citizens of a country to practice their capacity for innovation?  \nPeople do innovate in their everyday life, but are there also formal support systems whereby innovation is encouraged to take place? In the Indian context, other than industries, there are various design and technology (D&T) educational institutions that encourage students to work on innovative projects. Apart from D&T education at the tertiary level, there exist few opportunities for school students to exercise their creativity, such as science fairs and competitions. Design for Change (DFC) is another initiative that encourages children to identify local problems and provide solutions for them. The National Innovation Foundation (NIF) website ( [http://nif.org.in/](http://nif.org.in/) ) is one such initiative maintained by the government of India. It was founded in the year 2000 with support from Department of Science and Technology (DST), India and showcases innovations/solutions provided by school students and adults to a range of problems that they themselves have identified or chosen to work on (NIF, 2015) . A lot of innovation happening in India at the grassroots level is a result of the work of people who are not formally trained in D&T education. A list of innovations is provided in the 'awards' section of the website; adult innovations are listed in'Biennial’award function sub-section (NIF, Biennial, 2015) and student innovations are listed in 'IGNITE' award function sub-section (NIF, IGNITE, 2015) . Our inquiry was particularly motivated by the question,“What are the problems identified by adults and children independently and what are the differences in the kinds of problems identified by young innovators and those identified by adult innovators.” These questions","cbCaipfK8GRPUCZV","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipfK8GRPUCZV","pdf",646558,16,"English","# Abstract\n# Motivation for the study\n# Innovation, problem solving and problem identification","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of comparing problems identified by adults and children?\",\"answer\":\"To examine differences in the kinds of problems identified by adults and school students at the grassroots level in India, including reasons for those differences and implications for D\\u0026T education.\"},{\"question\":\"Where does the study’s innovation data come from?\",\"answer\":\"The data on innovations were accessed from the National Innovation Foundation (NIF) website in India.\"},{\"question\":\"What main finding contrasts with common beliefs about children’s creativity?\",\"answer\":\"Contrary to conventional wisdom, the study finds greater diversity in the problems tackled by adults, along with qualitative differences between adult- and child-identified problems.\"}]","A comparison of problems at the grassroots level in India identified by adults and children - Implications for Design and Technology Education | PDF",1792091498]