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The instrument uses 18 five-point Likert items across six categories plus 5 demographic items. Findings indicate both groups show a moderate addiction level, with no difference by education level, while gender, duration of use, university department, and high school type show significant differences.",{"@graph":69,"@context":126},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/a-comparative-study-on-social-media-addiction-of-high-school-and-university-students-abstract/599916/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/a-comparative-study-on-social-media-addiction-of-high-school-and-university-students-abstract/599916.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"PakDamar76","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118,122],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How was the social media addiction measurement tool prepared for the study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale was adapted to social media addiction and translated into Turkish, then validated before use.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How many students participated, and how were they grouped?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"A total of 700 students participated: 397 were high school students and 303 were university students.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What were the main results regarding addiction levels between high school and university students?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Both high school and university students showed a moderate level of social media addiction, with no difference attributable to being in either group.",{"name":123,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":124},"Which factors showed significant differences in social media addiction?",{"text":125,"@type":113},"Significant differences were found for gender, duration of use, university department, and the type of high school.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":128,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":130,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":132,"site_id":62},599916,1792211521,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":135},{"doc_id":132,"user_id":136,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":137,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":138,"file_id":139,"file_url":140,"file_type":141,"file_size":142,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":143,"language":144,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":145,"faqs":146,"seo_title":147,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":148,"read_time":149},962090893057,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","A Comparative Study on Social Media Addiction of High School  \nand University Students  \nAli Simsek  \nAnadolu University, Turkey  \nORCID: 0000-0002-0960-6805  \nKemal Elciyar  \nAnadolu University, Turkey  \nORCID: 0000-0002-7820-2978  \nTaner Kizilhan  \nAnadolu University, Turkey  \nORCID: 0000-0002-3501-415X  \nReceived: 15.12.2018 Accepted: 25.03.2019 Published: 16.04.2019  \nAbstract  \nConsidering that social media addiction is probably the most recent type of technology addiction, the present study was designed based on the six components suggested by Griffiths (2013) . Toward the main purpose of the study, the \"Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale\" was adapted to social media addiction and translated into Turkish. After the validation process, it was administered to a total of 700 students; of them 397 were highschool students and 303 were university students. The data collection instrument included  \n18 five-point Likert-type items in six categories, along with 5 structured items regarding demographics of the respondents. In addition to the original findings of the present study, similar research on social media addiction in some other countries were examined for comparisons. The results showed that both university students and high school students have a moderate level of addiction to social media. Being a university or high school student does not make any difference on the level of social media addiction. However, significant differences were found regarding gender, duration of use, department at the university, and type of high school. Finally, the results of the study show certain similarities and a few differences with the results of the studies conducted in other countries.  \nKeywords: Social media; Internet addiction; Social media addiction; University students;  \nHigh school students  \nIntroduction  \nTraditionally, the concept of addiction is based on a medical model, and it expresses extreme physical or psychological desire and commitment to a physical object. However, researchers argue that addiction should be addressed to cover a broader behavioral domain (Shaffer, 1996, p.462) including social and psychological behaviors. In this context, Griffiths (2013) proposed the concept of technology addiction. He has defined technology addiction as the actions which are non-chemical but behavioral, and involve extreme human-machine interaction. Also, technology  \naddiction is portrayed as a passive behavior like watching TV, playing a video game, and chatting online.  \nInternet addiction is a special type of technology addiction. The term “Internet addiction” was defined for the first time by Ivan Goldberg in 1995 as a psychological illness (cited in Kim, 2009) . Different conceptualizations were used for abusing Internet. Young (1998) named it as “internet addiction”, Morahan-Martin and Schumacher (2000) used the term “pathological internet use”, Davis, Flett and Besser (2002) labelled it as “problematic internet use”(cited in Caplan, 2002, p.554) .  \nYoung (1998) suggests five types of Internet addiction: (a) cyber sexual addiction, (b) cyber relationship addiction to online friendships or affairs, (c) net compulsions to online gambling, auctions or obsessive trading, (d) information overload to compulsive web surfing or databases searches, and (e) computer addiction to game playing or programming.  \nWhen properly used, Internet is an important technology that provides people with vital skills for the 21st century such as information access, problem solving, and self-directed learning. However, when Internet is used unconsciously, it can cause anxiety or fear and negatively affect personal development (Colwell & Kato, 2003; Kerberg, 2005) . In addition, excessive use of Internet may have detrimental effects on biological, physiological, psychological and social development of the user (Caplan, 2002) . In this context, Internet addiction has gradually become a serious problem. Thus, although it was not mentioned in the previous","cbCaibf1LdpfZO2t","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibf1LdpfZO2t","pdf",540062,14,"English","# Abstract\n# Keywords\n# Introduction\n## Technology addiction and internet addiction\n## Types of internet addiction\n## Framework for behavioral addiction\n## Six components of addiction (Griffiths)","[{\"question\":\"How was the social media addiction measurement tool prepared for the study?\",\"answer\":\"The Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale was adapted to social media addiction and translated into Turkish, then validated before use.\"},{\"question\":\"How many students participated, and how were they grouped?\",\"answer\":\"A total of 700 students participated: 397 were high school students and 303 were university students.\"},{\"question\":\"What were the main results regarding addiction levels between high school and university students?\",\"answer\":\"Both high school and university students showed a moderate level of social media addiction, with no difference attributable to being in either group.\"},{\"question\":\"Which factors showed significant differences in social media addiction?\",\"answer\":\"Significant differences were found for gender, duration of use, university department, and the type of high school.\"}]","A Comparative Study on Social Media Addiction of High School and University Students - Abstract | PDF",1792089684,35]