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Grounded in SDG 4, the study analyzes strategies and policy approaches that pursue inclusive and equitable quality education and lifelong learning. Findings suggest subtle differences in South Africa’s education policy perpetuate inequality, while analogous policies in Brazil support greater equality. The research emphasizes diagnostic value for South Africa by identifying faults within otherwise well-intentioned policy directions.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/a-comparative-review-of-education-policy-in-brazil-and-south-africa-divergent-trends-in-inequality/593162/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/a-comparative-review-of-education-policy-in-brazil-and-south-africa-divergent-trends-in-inequality/593162.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Aran","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main aim of this comparative review?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To explain why education policy leads to divergent outcomes in inequality between Brazil and South Africa while pursuing the same SDG 4 goals.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which framework does the study use to analyze education policy?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The study uses SDG 4—quality education—as the analytical framework to compare and evaluate education policies and outcomes.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What do the findings suggest about education policy and inequality?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Subtle differences in South Africa’s education policies are linked to persistent inequality, whereas analogous policies in Brazil contribute to equality.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},593162,1792193256,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},137455076865,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","A Comparative Review of Education Policy in Brazil and South Africa: Divergent Trends in Inequality  \nBy David James De Villiers * & Alethea Cassandra De Villiers±  \nThe literature identifies that education policies in Brazil are the backbone of their success in reducing inequality as measured by the GINI index. Since 1994, Brazil is the only BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) nation to achieve this. This article presents a comparative study of South Africa and Brazil, and the policies applied towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of ensuring inclusive and equitable quality education and promoting lifelong learning opportunities for all. Using the analytical framework of the SDG, the strategies of South Africa, and Brazil regarding education are considered in order to identify patterns and themes that can potentially explain the divergence of inequality trends of the two nations. The overarching finding is that subtle differences in education policies perpetuate inequality in South Africa, whereas analogous policies contribute to equality in Brazil. The main contribution of this study is that it locates faults in otherwise well-meaning education policies in South Africa.  \nKeywords: comparative education, policies, Brazil, South Africa, inequality  \nIntroduction  \nA quality education system should allow people to accumulate human capital, which in turn will lead to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and in turn, decreased inequality and increased development. However, the fundamental nature of a country’s education system may unintentionally, make it unable to fulfil this role. The repercussions ofthis are at best stagnation, at worst an increasing divide in society. These negative consequences manifest in static or increasing Gini indices. Brazil is a nation experiencing education success, whereas South Africa’s fortunes are less discernible. This research endeavours to illuminate why two similar countries, pursuing the same goals, are experiencing contrasting patterns of success.  \nThe United Nations Member states adopted the SDGs in 2015 (United Nations, 2022). These goals are pursued by member states, and provide a framework for achieving peace and prosperity for people and the planet, now and into the future. This study focuses on SDG 4 – quality education, which is expressed as,“ensuring inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all”(United Nations, 2015) . We use the vantage of this SDG as a systematic framework for our analysis. The SDG also provides a fresh perspective in comparing and evaluating education policy.  \n*  \nPost-Graduate Student, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.±Associate Professor, Nelson Mandela University, South Africa.  \nThe primary research question that this study aims to answer is,“How and why has education policy led to contrasting outcomes?” In other words, we try and solve why, with identical goals, has there been a divergence in results between Brazil and South Africa. This research is in the same thrust of Andreoni and Tregenna (2020) who emphasise how structural and institutional configurations are important in escaping the middle-income trap. Crossley and Broadfoot (1992, p. 102) advocate that research in comparative international education should follow a multi-disciplinary approach. The multidisciplinary approach that this study follows is from the perspectives of education and economics. Additionally, the study also sets out to analyse similarities and differences in educational policies and their outcomes (Crossley & Broadfoot, 1992, p. 106). According to Crossley (2019, p. 181) context matters when conducting research in comparative education. Hence this comparative study, adopts a multi-disciplinary approach, between two BRICS, countries, Brazil and South Africa whose contexts are similar. Furthermore, the intention of this study is to help gauge what policy lessons South Afr","cbCairMLxI3NjAdG","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairMLxI3NjAdG","pdf",215921,21,"English","# Introduction\n## SDG 4 as an Analytical Framework\n## Research Purpose and Question\n## Comparative Scope and Peer Selection\n# Literature Review","[{\"question\":\"What is the main aim of this comparative review?\",\"answer\":\"To explain why education policy leads to divergent outcomes in inequality between Brazil and South Africa while pursuing the same SDG 4 goals.\"},{\"question\":\"Which framework does the study use to analyze education policy?\",\"answer\":\"The study uses SDG 4—quality education—as the analytical framework to compare and evaluate education policies and outcomes.\"},{\"question\":\"What do the findings suggest about education policy and inequality?\",\"answer\":\"Subtle differences in South Africa’s education policies are linked to persistent inequality, whereas analogous policies in Brazil contribute to equality.\"}]","A Comparative Review of Education Policy in Brazil and South Africa - Divergent Trends in Inequality | PDF",1792076723,53]