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This review synthesizes the principal characteristics of γδ T-cell applications by summarizing their performance in cancer treatment in clinical practice, detailing γδ T-cell clinical trials conducted to date, and outlining the role of γδ T cells within the pharmaceutical industry.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/a-close-look-at-current-gd-t-cell-immunotherapy-review/382281/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/a-close-look-at-current-gd-t-cell-immunotherapy-review/382281.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Hazel","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-26","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why are gd T cells important for adoptive cancer immunotherapy?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"gd T cells are highlighted for their antitumor capabilities that do not rely on major histocompatibility complex (MHC), making them attractive for adoptive T-cell immunotherapy.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How are human gd T cells commonly subdivided?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Human gd T cells are divided based on TCR d-chain variable gene expression into Vd2 T cells and non-Vd2 T cells, with non-Vd2 including Vd1 and Vd3 subsets; additional functional division considers non-Vg9Vd2 and Vg9Vd2 populations.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What does the review cover regarding clinical research and industry use?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It focuses on how gd T cells perform in treating cancers in clinics, summarizes γδ T-cell clinical trials completed to date, and discusses the role of gd T cells in the pharmaceutical industry.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},382281,1790456200,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":46,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":31},137441390410,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/2000252f4ab5702993?_k=1776741390130283984","TYPE Review  \nPUBLISHED 31 March 2023  \nDOI 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1140623  \nOPEN ACCESS  \nEDITED BY  \nTrent Spencer,  \nEmory University, United States  \nREVIEWED BY Brian Petrich,  \nExpression Therapeutics, United States Claudia De Lalla,  \nSan Raffaele Hospital (IRCCS), Italy  \n*CORRESPONDENCE Zishan Zhou  \n [zzs@taiyuanshengwu.com](zzs@taiyuanshengwu.com)  \nSPECIALTY SECTION  \nThis article was submitted to Cancer Immunity and Immunotherapy, a section of the journal Frontiers in Immunology  \nRECEIVED 09 January 2023  \nACCEPTED 08 March 2023  \nPUBLISHED 31 March 2023  \nCITATION  \nMa L, Feng Y and Zhou Z (2023) A close look at current gd T-cell immunotherapy. Front. Immunol. 14:1140623 .  \ndoi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1140623  \nCOPYRIGHT  \n© 2023 Ma, Feng and Zhou. This is an openaccess article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.  \nA close look at current gd T-cell immunotherapy  \nLing Ma 1,2, Yanmin Feng 2 and Zishan Zhou 2*  \n1 Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China, 2 Research and Development Department, Beijing Dingchengtaiyuan (DCTY) Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing, China  \nOwing to their antitumor and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) -independent capacities, gd T cells have gained popularity in adoptive T-cell immunotherapy in recent years. However, many unknowns still exist regarding gd T cells, and few clinical data have been collected. Therefore, this review aims to describe all the main features of the applications of gd T cells and provide a systematic view of current gd T-cell immunotherapy. Specifically, this review will focus on how gd T cells performed in treating cancers in clinics, on the gd T-cell clinical trials that have been conducted to date, and the role of gd T cells in the pharmaceutical industry.  \nKEYWORDS  \ngd T cells, adoptive cell transfer (ACT), cancer immunotherapy, clinical trial, immunotherapy  \n1 Introduction  \nThere are two types of T cells: ab T cells and gd T cells. The former expresses a T-cell receptor (TCR) comprising a heterodimer of a and b chains. The latter expresses a TCR comprising a heterodimer of g and d chains, which normally do not express the coreceptors CD4 and CD8, and account for, on average, 4% of human peripheral blood T cells (1). gd T cells as a whole link the innate and adaptive immune responses. However, when referring to gd T cells, it should be noted that they are not a homogeneous population, but rather a heterogeneous group of cells with diverse properties (Table 1) (2) . Based on the TCR d chain variable gene expression, human gd T cells are normally divided into Vd2 T cells and non-Vd2 T cells, with Vd1-and Vd3-expressing gd T cells accounting for the majority of non-Vd2 T cells (2, 3). The distribution and frequency of gd T cell subset differ dramatically in tissues and blood (2). Recently, non-Vg9Vd2 T cells have been considered amore appropriate division of gd T cells and are the dominant gd T cells in organs and lymphoid tissues, such as the skin, intestine, lungs, liver, lymph nodes, thymus, etc., representing the adaptive-like gd T cells (2, 4) . In human blood, the majority (i.e., approximately 50%–95%) of gd T cells express a Vd2 chain paired with a Vg9 chain (5) . This subset (i.e., Vg9Vd2 T cells) specifically and universally (via semi-invariant polyclonal expansion) recognizes phosphoantigens (PAgs) derived from microbes or transformed cells (6, 7) through butyrophilin (BTN) family members BTN2A1 and BTN3A1 (8–10), representing innate-like gd T cells.  \nFrontiers in Immunology 01 [frontiersin.org](frontiersin.org)  \nMa et al. 1","cbCaivzk5jTbgCOD","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivzk5jTbgCOD","pdf",5685690,"English","# Introduction\n## Main features and subdivision of human gd T cells\n## Ligand recognition and MHC-independent properties\n## Clinical applications and trial landscape\n## Role in the pharmaceutical industry","[{\"question\":\"Why are gd T cells important for adoptive cancer immunotherapy?\",\"answer\":\"gd T cells are highlighted for their antitumor capabilities that do not rely on major histocompatibility complex (MHC), making them attractive for adoptive T-cell immunotherapy.\"},{\"question\":\"How are human gd T cells commonly subdivided?\",\"answer\":\"Human gd T cells are divided based on TCR d-chain variable gene expression into Vd2 T cells and non-Vd2 T cells, with non-Vd2 including Vd1 and Vd3 subsets; additional functional division considers non-Vg9Vd2 and Vg9Vd2 populations.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the review cover regarding clinical research and industry use?\",\"answer\":\"It focuses on how gd T cells perform in treating cancers in clinics, summarizes γδ T-cell clinical trials completed to date, and discusses the role of gd T cells in the pharmaceutical industry.\"}]","A close look at current gd T-cell immunotherapy - review | PDF",1790249844]