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This case report documents a dog with widespread metastases, including skull and skeletal sites, supported by necropsy findings and Melamed-Wolinska bodies.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/a-case-of-canine-urothelial-carcinoma-of-the-urinary-bladder-with-skull-and-skeletal-metastases-case-report/363946/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/a-case-of-canine-urothelial-carcinoma-of-the-urinary-bladder-with-skull-and-skeletal-metastases-case-report/363946.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"kopisore","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-27","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",10,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What type of tumor is described in this case report?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"The report describes primary urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder in a dog, showing malignant invasive behavior.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"What clinical signs prompted presentation?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The dog presented with difficulties chewing, limping of the left hindlimb, and urinary tract signs including polyuria/polydipsia and stranguria.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"How did the report confirm the diagnosis?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Necropsy identified metastatic carcinomas in the skull and left tibia, and neoplastic cells contained cytoplasmic Melamed-Wolinska bodies, a characteristic feature of urothelial carcinomas.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},363946,1790541664,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,115,120,123,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & 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urinary bladder with skull and skeletal metastases  \nA Teh,a,b*  T Sima,c E Shinozakia and R Malikd   \n\n| Canine urinary bladder neoplasia is uncommon, representing less than 1% of canine neoplasms. Amongst cases of urinary bladder neoplasia in dogs, primary urothelial carcinoma is the most frequent. Urothelial carcinomas are malignant invasive tumours which tend to be slow growing and metastasise late. However, the metastatic rate is high, with approximately 50% of cases developing metastases typically to the regional lymph nodes and lungs. Skeletal metastases are rare, with the most common reported sites being the femur and the vertebrae. Metastases to the skull are even rarer, with only a few previously documented cases in dogs. This report describes a case of primary urothelial carcinoma in the urinary bladder of a dog, with widespread metastases, including to the skull. The dog presented for chewing difficulties and limping of the left hindlimb, with large firm masses found on the skull and the left tibiotarsal joint. A necropsy revealed the masses on the head and left tibia were metastatic carcinomas, the latter site also having invaded into the tibiotarsal joint. Additional carcinomas of similar cellular morphology were found in the urinary bladder, ribs, skin and lungs. Neoplastic cells contained cytoplasmic Melamed-Wolinska bodies, a characteristic feature of urothelial carcinomas. Collectively, the findings are suggestive of a primary urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma with widespread metastases, including to rarely documented sites, such as the parietal bone of the skull, left tibia, left tibiotarsal joint and the ribs. This represents the third documented case of skull metastases from a urothelial carcinoma in a dog. |\n| --- |\n| Keywords appendicular; axial; dog; limb; transitional cell carcinoma\u003Cbr>Abbreviations BID, Bis in die; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; CT, computed tomography; CUP, carcinoma of unknown primary origin; GGT, Gamma-glutamyl transferase; M-WB, MelamedWolinska bodies; MMM, masticatory muscle myositis; PU/PD, polyuria/polydipsia; PAS, periodic acid-Schiff; RI, reference interval; VPDS, veterinary pathology diagnostic services\u003Cbr>Aust Vet J 2026;104:509–514 doi: 10.1111/avj.70087 |\n\n*Corresponding author.  \naSydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; [alexander.teh@sydney.edu.au](alexander.teh@sydney.edu.au)  \nbVetnostics Pathology, Macquarie Park, New South Wales 2113, Australia cBeecroft Veterinary Clinic, Beecroft, New South Wales 2119, Australia  \ndCentre for Veterinary Education, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia  \nU rothelial carcinomas, also known as transitional cell carci  \nnomas, are invasive malignant neoplasms that arise from  \nthe urothelial cells lining the urinary system, including anywhere from the renal pelvis to the urethra, but most often developing in the urinary bladder.1–14 Urinary bladder urothelial carcinomas occur most frequently in dogs, cats and cattle, and uncommonly in other species such as horses, sheep, goats and pigs. 1,2,14 Urothelial carcinoma is also observed in humans with a relatively high incidence, particularly amongst males.3,13 Whilst neoplasia of the urinary bladder is uncommon in dogs, representing less than 1% of canine neoplasms overall, the most frequent primary urinary bladder neoplasm in canines is the urothelial carcinoma. 1,2,4–7,9 Most dogs with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder present with signs of lower urinary tract disease including haematuria, stranguria, dysuria and pollakiuria. 1,9,10 Scottish terriers are markedly overrepresented amongst reported cases.1  \nApproximately 50% of canine urothelial carcinomas metastasise, typically to the regional lymph nodes and the lungs. 1,2,6 Uncommonly, urothelial carcinomas can metastasise to the","cbCaim4WxpmCgzI2","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaim4WxpmCgzI2","pdf",1270019,"English","# Case overview\n## Clinical features\n## Histology and diagnosis\n## Metastatic pattern and rarity","[{\"question\":\"What type of tumor is described in this case report?\",\"answer\":\"The report describes primary urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder in a dog, showing malignant invasive behavior.\"},{\"question\":\"What clinical signs prompted presentation?\",\"answer\":\"The dog presented with difficulties chewing, limping of the left hindlimb, and urinary tract signs including polyuria/polydipsia and stranguria.\"},{\"question\":\"How did the report confirm the diagnosis?\",\"answer\":\"Necropsy identified metastatic carcinomas in the skull and left tibia, and neoplastic cells contained cytoplasmic Melamed-Wolinska bodies, a characteristic feature of urothelial carcinomas.\"}]","A case of canine urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder with skull and skeletal metastases - Case report | PDF",1790154399,15]