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It covers the Society’s founding in 1956, early study tours, the launch of Comparative Education Review, constitutional and name reforms, governance structure, and the shift toward separate annual meetings. The account also documents international engagement, collections and lectures, honorary fellow recognition, and contentious modern-era debates.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":15,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/literature/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/a-brief-history-of-the-comparative-and-international-education-society/600546/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/a-brief-history-of-the-comparative-and-international-education-society/600546.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"OmBimo","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How did the Society evolve from its early conferences into a formal organization?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The Comparative Education Society grew from annual conferences at New York University begun in 1954, and it was founded formally after a subsequent conference on April 27, 1956, with Brickman as President and Gerald Read as Secretary-Treasurer.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What major changes occurred in the late 1960s?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"In 1966 the Society ratified a revised Constitution, granting student members the same rights and privileges as mature scholars. In 1968 the Board approved and then the membership voted on changing the organization’s name to include “Comparative and International Education Society.”",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What institutional markers supported consolidation after 1975?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"CIES established the CIES Collection in the Kent State University Archives in 1980 to preserve historical memory. It also created Eggertsen Lectures and began electing Honorary Fellows starting in 1987.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},600546,1792634165,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":14,"category_name":15,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":81,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":24},962090893581,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","A Brief History of the  \nComparative and International Education Society1  \nElizabeth Sherman Swing  \nCIES Historian  \nThe founding of the Comparative Education Society, 1956 to 1960  \nThe Comparative and International Education Society, initially the Comparative Education Society, evolved from annual conferences at New York University begun in 1954 by William W. Brickman. Although only thirty-five were present at the first conference, Brickman labeled a collection of papers presented there: “Proceedings of the First Annual Conference on Comparative Education (1954)” – thus signaling hope that he and this group would henceforth occupy comparative education turf in the United States. The Comparative Education Society (CES) was founded at the close of a subsequent conference (April 27, 1956), with Brickman as President and Gerald Read of Kent State University, Secretary-Treasurer.  \nDuring the first six years of its existence, the Comparative Education Society led study tours on five continents and in twenty-four countries. It also inaugurated a new journal, Comparative Education Review, and it drafted and ratified a Constitution calling for annual elections and a nine member Board of Directors. From the beginning it courted an international membership. In addition to Americans, scholars from Canada, England, France, Germany, Switzerland, Chile and the Netherlands served on its Board of Directors or on the Editorial Board of its journal.  \nOrganization building, 1960-1975  \nIn the years following the founding of CES, a group who could be considered“Founding Fathers” assumed positions of leadership. William W. Brickman served as President from 1957 to 1959. He was followed by William H.E. Johnson, 1959-1960; Joseph Katz, 1961; C. Arnold Anderson, 1962; Claude Eggertsen, 1963; R. Freeman Butts, 1964; Donald K. Adams, 1965; David G. Scanlon, 1966; William W. Brickman again, 1967; Stewart E. Fraser, 1968; Reginald Edwards, 1969; Foster, 1970; Andreas Kazamias, 1971, Cole S. Brembeck, 1972, Harold J. Noah, 1973; Robert F. Lawson, 1974; and Rolland G. Paulston, 1975.  \nIn the 1960s focus was on three issues: constitutional reform, a name change, and a decision to hold separate meetings. Constitutional reform took place in 1966 when the Society ratified a revised Constitution that regularized practices already in place. It also gave student members the same rights and privileges as mature scholars. On the matter of a name change there was heated debate, echoes of which can still be heard today. What did the word international connote? Did it describe a community ofcomparativists? Debate notwithstanding, on February 14, 1968, the Board of Directors unanimously approved a name change. They put the issue before the Business Meeting two days later, following which mail ballots were sent to the membership. Of these, 149 were in favor of a change and 51 opposed. The September 1968 Newsletter states: “The Constitution is now amended to read, ‘The name of this organization shall be the Comparative and International Education Society’”(Article 1, Section 1) .  \n© 2006 Elizabeth Sherman Swing  \n66 April 21, 2006  \nA Brief History of the Comparative and International Education Society  \nThe third issue of the 1960s, the separate meetings issue, reflects a particular historical moment. Until 1970 the society met annually in Chicago during February, coordinating its meetings with those of the American Association of Colleges of Teacher Education, the National Society of College Teachers of Education, and the Association of Student Teaching – organizations with which it affiliated at the time of its inception. In an era, however, when Harold Noah and Max Eckstein, George Bereday, and Brian Holmes were exploring new methodologies in comparative education, identification with teacher education was beginning to weaken. The first separate annual meeting took place in Atlanta in 1970. Thereafter, the Board voted to hold its Annual Meetings in a locale de","cbCaig14rLFA4F2G","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaig14rLFA4F2G","pdf",98498,"English","# The founding and early development (1956-1960)\n## Conferences, first journal, and governance\n# Organization building (1960-1975)\n## Leadership succession and constitutional reform\n# Growth and consolidation (1975-1990)\n## Archives, lectures, and honorary fellows\n# Contentious issues and systemic change (1990-2006)\n## Epistemological debates and political challenges","[{\"question\":\"How did the Society evolve from its early conferences into a formal organization?\",\"answer\":\"The Comparative Education Society grew from annual conferences at New York University begun in 1954, and it was founded formally after a subsequent conference on April 27, 1956, with Brickman as President and Gerald Read as Secretary-Treasurer.\"},{\"question\":\"What major changes occurred in the late 1960s?\",\"answer\":\"In 1966 the Society ratified a revised Constitution, granting student members the same rights and privileges as mature scholars. In 1968 the Board approved and then the membership voted on changing the organization’s name to include “Comparative and International Education Society.”\"},{\"question\":\"What institutional markers supported consolidation after 1975?\",\"answer\":\"CIES established the CIES Collection in the Kent State University Archives in 1980 to preserve historical memory. It also created Eggertsen Lectures and began electing Honorary Fellows starting in 1987.\"}]","A Brief History of the Comparative and International Education Society | PDF",1792090906]