[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-207952-en":3,"doc-seo-207952-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":90},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},207952,13056703020460,"Valentina","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/be000253dac470eee5d?_k=1778207105932848923",4,"Exam","4.4 - Chemical Changes: Revision Checklist","Revision checklist on chemical changes, focusing on how metals react to form positive ions and how reactivity relates to oxidation. Covers reactions with oxygen to form metal oxides, burning of more reactive metals, and tarnishing of less reactive metals. Includes reactivity series, displacement reactions, extraction of metals via reduction, oxidation and reduction definitions, ionic and half equations, and typical reactions of acids with metals and neutralisation with alkalis or carbonates. Also addresses making soluble salts and practical preparation.","4.4. Revision Checklist: Chemical Changes Reactivity of metals  \nWhen metals react with other substances the metal atoms form positive ions. The reactivity of a metal is related to its tendency to form positive ions.  \nMetals react with oxygen to produce metal oxides. The reactions are oxidation reactions because the metals gain oxygen.  \nCalcium + Oxygen 􏃠 calcium oxide 2 Ca + O2 􏃠 2CaO  \n4K + O2 􏃠 2 K2O  \nReactive metals such as magnesium will burn with aflame in oxygen. Less reactive metals like iron will tarnish and change colour without aflame.  \nMetals can be arranged in order of their reactivity in a reactivity series.  \nThe metals potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron and copper can be put in order of their reactivity from their reactions with water and dilute acids.  \nThe non-metals hydrogen and carbon are often included in the reactivity series.  \nReactive metals such as potassium, sodium and calcium will react with cold water producing bubbles of hydrogen gas  \nAll metals above hydrogen in the reactivity series will react with acids producing bubbles of hydrogen gas.  \nThe more reactive the metal the faster/more vigorous the reaction will be producing hydrogen gas quicker.  \nMetals below hydrogen in the reactivity series will not react with acids.  \nThe most important metals in the reactivity series can be learnt by using mnemonics like: Please Stop Calling My Aunty Zebra In The Class-potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, aluminium, zinc, iron, tin, copper  \nReactivity series of Metals  \nPotassium Sodium Calcium Magnesium Aluminium Carbon Zinc  \nIron  \nTin  \nLead Hydrogen Copper Silver Gold  \nmost reactive  \nleast reactive  \nDisplacement Reactions  \nA more reactive metal can displace a less reactive metal from a compound  \ne.g. Copper sulphate + magnesium 􏃠 Copper + magnesium sulphate CuSO4 + Mg 􏃠 Cu + MgSO4  \nMagnesium is more reactive than copper so there is a displacement reaction.  \ne.g. zinc sulphate + copper 􏃠 no reaction  \nCopper is less reactive than zinc so there is no reaction.  \nExtracting metals  \nUnreactive metals such as gold are found in the Earth as the metal itself but most metals are found as compounds that require chemical reactions to extract the metal.  \nReduction is defined as loss of oxygen  \nMetals that are less reactive than carbon can be extracted from their oxides by reduction with carbon iron oxide is reduced in the blast furnace by reacting with carbon or carbon monoxide to make iron  \nFe2 O3 + 3CO 􏃠 2Fe + 3CO2  \ncarbon monoxide + iron(III) oxide 􏃠 carbon dioxide + iron  \n(in this equation the iron oxide is being reduced and the carbon monoxide is causing the reduction)  \nMetals above carbon in the reactivity series are often extracted by electrolysis or by displacement reactions with more reactive metals  \n[N Goalby chemrevise.org](N Goalby chemrevise.org) 1  \nOxidation and Reduction  \nIonic equations  \nIn reactions oxidation can be defined as loss of electrons and reduction as gain of electrons  \nIn displacement reactions, it is only the metal ions that are reacting in terms of electrons being transferred. The non metal ions e.g. sulfate (SO42-) ions are‘spectating’.  \nZn (s) + CuSO4 (aq) 􏃠 Cu (s) + ZnSO4 (aq)  \nWe can write the equation above as an ionic  \nequation which does not include the spectator ion.  \nZn + Cu2+ 􏃠 Cu + Zn2+  \nIn this reaction zinc has lost electrons (to become more  \npositive) and so has oxidised  \nThis can be written as a half equation Zn 􏃠 Zn2+ + 2eIn this reaction copper has gained electrons (to become neutral) and so has reduced  \nThis can be written as a half equation Cu2+ + 2e- 􏃠 Cu  \nReactions of Acid with Metals  \nAcids react with some metals to produce salts and hydrogen  \nMetal + acid 􏃠 salt + hydrogen  \nMg + 2HCl 􏃠 MgCl2 + H2 Zn + 2HCl 􏃠 ZnCl2 + H2 Fe + 2HCl 􏃠 FeCl2 + H2  \nMg + H2SO4 􏃠 MgSO4 + H2 Zn + H2SO4 􏃠 ZnSO4 + H2 Fe + H2SO4 􏃠 FeSO4 + H2  \nAll metals above hydrogen in the reactivity series will react with acids producing bu","cbCaictZyMIugmbl","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaictZyMIugmbl","pdf",314843,1,6,"English","en",105,"# 4.4 Revision Checklist: Chemical Changes\n## Reactivity of metals\n## Displacement reactions\n## Extracting metals\n## Oxidation and reduction\n## Reactions of acid with metals\n## Neutralisation reactions\n## Making soluble salts\n## pH scale and neutralisation\n## Required practical","[{\"question\":\"How does metal reactivity relate to the formation of positive ions?\",\"answer\":\"When metals react, their atoms form positive ions. The reactivity of a metal depends on how readily it forms these positive ions.\"},{\"question\":\"What determines whether a metal reacts with acids, and what gas is produced?\",\"answer\":\"Metals above hydrogen in the reactivity series react with acids, producing bubbles of hydrogen gas. Metals below hydrogen do not react with acids.\"},{\"question\":\"How do oxidation and reduction differ in terms of electrons and oxygen?\",\"answer\":\"Oxidation can be defined as loss of electrons, while reduction is gain of electrons. Reduction can also be defined as loss of oxygen in reactions involving oxides.\"}]","4.4 - Chemical Changes: Revision Checklist | PDF",1788601903,15,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":85,"head_meta":87,"extra_data":89,"updated_unix":28},"44-chemical-changes-revision-checklist","",{"@graph":36,"@context":84},[37,53,67],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":11},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/44-chemical-changes-revision-checklist/207952/",{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":61,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":62,"interactionStatistic":63},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":41,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-05",true,{"@type":64,"interactionType":65,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":66},"ViewAction",{"@type":68,"mainEntity":69},"FAQPage",[70,76,80],{"name":71,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":73},"How does metal reactivity relate to the formation of positive ions?","Question",{"text":74,"@type":75},"When metals react, their atoms form positive ions. The reactivity of a metal depends on how readily it forms these positive ions.","Answer",{"name":77,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":78},"What determines whether a metal reacts with acids, and what gas is produced?",{"text":79,"@type":75},"Metals above hydrogen in the reactivity series react with acids, producing bubbles of hydrogen gas. Metals below hydrogen do not react with acids.",{"name":81,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":82},"How do oxidation and reduction differ in terms of electrons and oxygen?",{"text":83,"@type":75},"Oxidation can be defined as loss of electrons, while reduction is gain of electrons. Reduction can also be defined as loss of oxygen in reactions involving oxides.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":86,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":58,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":88,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":91},[92,96,100,103,108,112,117,122,127,130,134],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":101,"slug":102},70,"exam",{"id":104,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":105,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":107},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":109,"show_sort_weight":110,"slug":111},"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":113,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":114,"show_sort_weight":115,"slug":116},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":119,"show_sort_weight":120,"slug":121},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":126},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":125,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":129},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":131,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":132,"show_sort_weight":131,"slug":133},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":135,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":136,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":137},19,"General","general"]