[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-150743-en":3,"doc-seo-150743-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},150743,687197207057,"Sage","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0",6,"Technology","3ARM - A FAST, ACCURATE RADIATIVE TRANSFER MODEL FOR USE IN CLIMATE MODELS","A fast, accurate radiative transfer model (3ARM) is presented through the combined work of researchers from multiple institutions. The model computes radiative transfer in inhomogeneous absorbing, scattering, and emitting atmospheres, using an enhanced framework that integrates existing two-stream K-distribution methods with newly developed K distributions and an optional four-stream treatment. Dust effects on thermal radiation are demonstrated to illustrate the model’s capabilities for climate applications.","# ABSTRACT\n\nA new radiative transfer model combining the effortsof three groups of researchers is discussed.The modelaccurately computes radiative transfer in ainhomogeneous absorbing,scattering and emittingatmospheres.As an illustration of the model,results areshown for the effects of dust on the thermal radiation.  \n# 1.INTRODUCTION\n\nResearchers at NASA Ames Research Center,Atmospheric and Environmental Research IncandPennsylvania State University have collaborated toproduce a fast,accurate radiative transfer model (called3ARM)for use in climate models.The model combinesan existing two stream K distribution code(Toon et al.1989)with the new K distributions developed by AER(Mlawer et al.1996)and a four stream option for greateraccuracy.  \n# 2.DESCRIPTION OF THE MODEL\n\n## 2.1.The Toon-Ackerman 1989 model\n\nIn 1989,Toon and co-workers published acomprehensive analysis of the two stream method and itsapplication for radiative transfer calculations(Toon etal.1989).They showed that the two stream method wasrelatively accurate for a large number of applications ofof interest to atmospheric studies.The model that they  \nPublished in he rocedig of he₁996 Intemanonal RadianonSymposumNCC2.940Fairbanks,Alaska  \n3ARM:A FAST,ACCURATE RADIATIVE TRANSFER MODELFOR USE IN CLIMATE MODELS  \n7.618710  \nby  \nR.W.Bergstrom,S.Kinne and I.N.SokolikBay Area Environmental Research Institute3430 NoriegaSan Francisco,CA 94122 USA  \n0.B.ToonNASA Ames Research CenterMoffett Field CA USAand University of ColoradoBoulder CO USA  \nE.J.Mlawer and S.A.CloughAtmospheric and Environmental Research Inc.Cambridge,MA USA  \nT.P.Ackerman and J.MatherPennsylvania State UniversityCollege Park,PA USA  \ndeveloped has been used in a number of climate modelapplications (e.g.Sahara dust transport -Westphal et al.1988,Pinatubo aerosol transport -Young et al.1994,Stratus cloud modeling-Ackerman et al 1993).  \nThe original model had 26 wavelength intervals inthe solar and 18 in the infrared.Within each bandabsorption coefficients accounted for the effects of watervapor,carbon dioxide,ozone and molecular oxygen,resulting in 77 solar intervals and 71 infrared intervals.Scattering,absorption and emission of aerosols and cloudswas treated with the two stream approximation asdiscussed in Toon et al.(1989).  \nThe speed of the code was shown to be comparable to)other less accurate codes used in climate models(Toon etal.1989).  \n## 2.2.The AER K distributions\n\nRecently,Mlawer et al.(1996)have developed a setof K distributions to accurately compute the fluxes andcooling rate for the long wave spectral region(10-3000cm·¹)for an arbitrary clear atmosphere.  \nComparison of the predicted values with the new Kdistributions with line by line calculations is very good.asdiscussed in Mlawer et al.(1996).The long waveaccuracy for any atmosphere is 0.6Wm-2 for net flux ineach spectral band at all altitudes,with a total(10-3000cm-¹)error of less than 1.0 Wm-².At any altitude,the  \nerror is 0.07 K d-¹for the total cooling rate in thetroposphere and lower stratosphere and 0.75 Kd-¹in theupper stratosphere and above.  \nWe have used the K distributions from Mlawer etal.(1996)to replace the old K values in the model of Toonet al(1989).The resulting model has 16 bands in theinfrared with 16k values for each band.Therefore themodel has 256 infrared intervals.  \nWe compared the results of the new model to theSPECTRE data(Ellingson and Wiscombe,1996).Theresults are as shown in Table 1.  \nTable 1  \nThe downward flux at the surface for the 550-2600  \ncm-¹range for the SPECTRE experiment(in  \nmW/m²-str-cm-1):  \nCase NoCalculatedQbserved  \n24.64524.803  \n18.154718.5883  \n3  \n14.92915.347  \n17.6118.1156  \nThe comparison to the SPECTRE observations isdiscussed more fully in Mlawer et al.(1996).The resultsare considered to be quite good.  \n## 2.3.The two stream/four stream option\n\nWe have included an option in the model to use afour stream method for greater accuracy if needed.Thefour stream method follows that d","cbCaifiMRDgHyHlL","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifiMRDgHyHlL","pdf",216046,1,4,"English","en",105,"# Abstract\n# 1. Introduction\n# 2. Description of the Model\n## 2.1. The Toon-Ackerman 1989 model\n## 2.2. The AER K distributions\n## 2.3. The two stream/four stream option\n# 3. Infrared Effects of Dust","[{\"question\":\"What is 3ARM used for in climate models?\",\"answer\":\"3ARM is designed to compute radiative transfer quickly and accurately for use in climate-model simulations.\"},{\"question\":\"How does 3ARM improve radiative transfer calculations compared with the original approach?\",\"answer\":\"It combines a two-stream K distribution framework with new K distributions and also offers a four-stream option for higher accuracy when needed.\"},{\"question\":\"Why are dust effects analyzed in the paper?\",\"answer\":\"Dust aerosols can produce significant climatic consequences, so the paper uses two dust models to compute their impact on the thermal radiation spectrum and fluxes.\"}]","3ARM - A FAST, ACCURATE RADIATIVE TRANSFER MODEL FOR USE IN CLIMATE MODELS | PDF",1787826279,10,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"3arm-a-fast-accurate-radiative-transfer-model-for-use-in-climate-models","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,53,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/technology/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/3arm-a-fast-accurate-radiative-transfer-model-for-use-in-climate-models/150743/",{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":41,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-28","2026-08-27",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"What is 3ARM used for in climate models?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"3ARM is designed to compute radiative transfer quickly and accurately for use in climate-model simulations.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"How does 3ARM improve radiative transfer calculations compared with the original approach?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"It combines a two-stream K distribution framework with new K distributions and also offers a four-stream option for higher accuracy when needed.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"Why are dust effects analyzed in the paper?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"Dust aerosols can produce significant climatic consequences, so the paper uses two dust models to compute their impact on the thermal radiation spectrum and fluxes.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":87,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":58,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":89,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":92},[93,97,101,105,110,113,118,123,128,131,134],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":111,"slug":112},50,"technology",{"id":114,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":115,"show_sort_weight":116,"slug":117},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":119,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":130},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":132,"show_sort_weight":29,"slug":133},"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":135,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":136,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":137},19,"General","general"]