[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-370676-105":59,"doc-detail-370676-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","212-pb-in-targeted-radionuclide-therapy-a-review","212 Pb in targeted radionuclide therapy - a review","","Selective delivery of α-emitting radionuclides is presented as an effective form of cancer therapy, leveraging short range and high cytotoxicity to kill tumour cells while minimising injury to healthy tissue. As the parent of 212 Bi, 212 Pb is increasingly used due to its favourable chemistry, half-life, and decay behaviour. The review covers recent clinical development, focusing on production, chelation chemistry, and adoption in therapy.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/212-pb-in-targeted-radionuclide-therapy-a-review/370676/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/212-pb-in-targeted-radionuclide-therapy-a-review/370676.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Rizky","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) and how does it work?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"TRT delivers short-ranged ionising radionuclides to tumours via a vector that specifically binds cancerous cells. The resulting radiopharmaceutical can be administered systemically to address disseminated or metastatic disease.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why are α-particle emitting radionuclides well-suited for TRT?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"α particles have a very high linear energy transfer and cause highly cytotoxic DNA damage with no known cellular resistance mechanism. Their effectiveness is also less dependent on reactive oxygen species generation and their range is more localised.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What factors have driven progress in clinical development of 212 Pb?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Improvements in generator technology and supply increased availability of 212 Pb, enabling more research. Advances in chelation chemistry supported conjugation to tumour-targeting carriers, while imaging and using 203 Pb as an imaging surrogate supported biodistribution and dosimetry for preclinical work.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},370676,1791226767,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962085564807,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Scaffidi‑Muta and Abell EJNMMI Radiopharmacy  \nEJNMhttps:M//IdRoai ioprg/h1a0rm11cy6/as1d1C8h1e‑m02is5t‑ry00362‑(27025) 10:34 and Chemistry  \nREVIEW Open Access  \n212 Pb in targeted radionuclide therapy: a review  \nJarred Michael Scaffidi‑Muta1* and Andrew David Abell1  \n*Correspondence:  \njarred. scaffidi‑muta@adelaide. [edu.au](edu.au)  \n1 School of Physics, Chemistry and Earth Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia  \nAbstract  \nBackground: The selective delivery of α‑emitting radionuclides is emerging  \nas a highly effective form of cancer therapy. With a short range and high cytotoxicity,α‑particles can selectively kill cancerous cells whilst minimising harm to surrounding healthy tissue. As the parent of the α‑emitter 212 Bi, 212 Pb has seen increasing thera‑ peutic use on account of its favourable chemistry, half‑life, and decay properties. This review comprehensively discusses the clinical development of 212 Pb in recent years, particularly its production, chelation chemistry, and therapeutic adoption.  \nMain body: Improvements in generator technology and supply have overcome the historically limited availability of 212 Pb, enabling a surge of research in the field. Numerous bifunctional chelators have since been developed, which enable facile con‑ jugation of 212 Pb to a plethora of tumour targeting carriers. Advancements in nuclear imaging techniques, and the use 203 Pb as an imaging surrogate, have enabled accurate biodistribution and dosimetry information to inform preclinical studies. These factors have attracted considerable commercial interest in 212 Pb, culminating in the rapid translation of this radionuclide into the clinic, where it is being investigated in the treat‑ ment of a range of malignancies.  \nConclusion: Radiotherapy with 212 Pb has shown enormous promise in preclinical and clinical studies. While challenges still remain before 212 Pb can be more widely adopted, remarkable progress has been made in addressing these. At present, the ther‑ apeutic potential of 212 Pb is only beginning to be realised.  \nKeywords: Lead‑212, Bismuth‑212, Targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT), Targeted alpha therapy (TAT), Cancer, Alpha radiation, Radiotherapy, Radiopharmaceuticals  \nBackground  \nTargeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) is emerging as a safe and effective modality of cancer treatment (Sgouros et al. 2020; Stokke et al. 2022). In TRT, radionuclides which emit short-ranged ionising radiation (e.g. α or β − particles) are selectively delivered to tumours through the use of a vector which binds specifically to cancerous cells, as depicted in Fig. 1a. The resulting radiopharmaceutical can be administered systemically, making it possible to treat disseminated and metastatic diseases that are otherwise challenging to manage with conventional radiotherapies. Unlike with chemotherapy, side effects are reduced as the targeted and short ranged radiation localises the cytotoxic  \n© The Author(s) 2025. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the mate‑ rial. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit [http://](http://)[ ](http://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.)[.](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.)  \nScaffidi‑Muta and Abell EJNMMI Radiopharmacy and Chemi","cbCail5wmR5hlA3K","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCail5wmR5hlA3K","pdf",2200688,34,"English","# Abstract\n# Background\n## Targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT)\n## Rationale for α-emitting radionuclides\n# Main body\n## Generator technology and supply\n## Chelation chemistry and targeting carriers\n## Nuclear imaging, biodistribution, and dosimetry\n# Conclusion\n# Keywords","[{\"question\":\"What is targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) and how does it work?\",\"answer\":\"TRT delivers short-ranged ionising radionuclides to tumours via a vector that specifically binds cancerous cells. The resulting radiopharmaceutical can be administered systemically to address disseminated or metastatic disease.\"},{\"question\":\"Why are α-particle emitting radionuclides well-suited for TRT?\",\"answer\":\"α particles have a very high linear energy transfer and cause highly cytotoxic DNA damage with no known cellular resistance mechanism. Their effectiveness is also less dependent on reactive oxygen species generation and their range is more localised.\"},{\"question\":\"What factors have driven progress in clinical development of 212 Pb?\",\"answer\":\"Improvements in generator technology and supply increased availability of 212 Pb, enabling more research. Advances in chelation chemistry supported conjugation to tumour-targeting carriers, while imaging and using 203 Pb as an imaging surrogate supported biodistribution and dosimetry for preclinical work.\"}]","212 Pb in targeted radionuclide therapy - a review | PDF",1790189727,86]