[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-109546-en":3,"doc-seo-109546-105":31,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":28,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":29,"read_time":30},109546,8796095461610,"Oliver","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c",8,"Research & Report","2025 Policy Notes - Transforming Ghana in a Generation - Overview","2025 Policy Notes examines Ghana’s recent decade-long slowdown after early progress in growth, poverty reduction, and human development, linking stagnating incomes and rising poverty to weak structural transformation and low-productivity job creation in informal services, mining, and agriculture. The overview explains how persistent governance problems—intensified by repeated macroeconomic crises and policy delays—erode the social contract. It also argues the 2022 macroeconomic crisis reflected existing structural vulnerabilities, not external shocks alone, and highlights the next four years as a key opportunity to change course.","Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized  \n2025 POLICY NOTES: TRANSFORMING GHANA IN A GENERATION  \nOVERVIEW  \nThe 2025 Ghana Policy Notes was prepared by a core World Bank team led by Stefano Curto (Lead Country Economist) and Michelle Keane (Operations Manager) . The team consists of Tamoya Christie (Senior Economist), Kwabena Kwakye (Economist), Juan Antonio Melendez Azcunaga (Economist), Laura Rodriguez Takeuchi (Senior Economist), Carlos Leonardo Vicente (Lead Financial Sector Specialist), Neema Mwingu (Senior Financial Sector Specialist), Raymond Muhula (Lead Public Sector Specialist), Smile Kwawukume,(Senior Public Sector Specialist), Tatsuya Iwasaki (Public Sector Specialist), Andres Garcia (Senior Economist), Emmanuel Awuni (Private Sector Specialist), Rami Mikko Ahmed Galal (Economist), Kaoru Kimura (Senior Digital Development Specialist), Samik Adhikari (Senior Economist), Cemile Hacibeyoglu (Senior Country Officer), Rose Mungai (Senior Economist), Utz Johann Pape (Lead Economist), Sophie Dong (Financial Sector Specialist), Uloaku Oyewole (Senior Sector Specialist), Dhruva Sahai (Program Leader), Maame Tabuah (Senior Energy Specialist) Michelle Amorkor Amarteifio (Energy Specialist), Amol Gupta (Senior Energy Specialist), Aparna Rao (Senior Energy Specialist), Donghui Park (Energy Specialist), Olamide O. Bisi-Amosun (Senior Natural Resources Specialist), Madhavi Pillai (Senior Natural Resources Specialist), Santiago Ezequiel Arias (Senior Urban Specialist), Camille Bourguignon (Senior Land Administration Specialist), Morten Larsen (Senior Mining Specialist), Catherine Lynch (Senior Urban Specialist), Haileyesus Adamtei (Senior Transport Specialist), Tojoarofenitra Ramanankirahina (Senior Transport Specialist), Akua Timpabi (Transport Specialist), Lucine Park (Digital Development Specialist), Eunice Ackwerh (Senior Education Specialist), Enoch Oti Agyekum (Economist), Cynthia Ampredu (Social Protection Specialist), Ali Ansari (Senior Economist), Ama Blankson-Anaman (Education Specialist), Dorothee Chen (Senior Health Specialist), Harold Esseku (Senior Water Supply and Sanitation Specialist), Elena Glinskaya (Lead Economist), Tatsuya Iwasaki (Public Sector Specialist), Patrick Mullen (Program Leader), Elisha Ngetich (Economist), Owen Smith (Lead Economist), Cornelia Tesliuc (Lead Economist), Sarah Antwi Boasiako (Senior Social Development Specialist), Nneka Okereke,(Senior Social Development Specialist), Susan Wong (Lead Social Development Specialist), Naila Ahmed (Program Leader), Nicholas Stephen Zmijewski (Senior Environmental Engineer), Nicolas Desramaut (Senior Environmental Engineer), Ruma Tavorath (Senior Environmental Specialist), Sarika Gupta,(Senior Economist), Su Jung Song (Urban Specialist), Yitbarek Tessema (Lead Water Supply and Sanitation Specialist), Zheng Judy Jia (Senior Urban Specialist), Bogachan Benli (Lead Water Supply Specialist), Ashwini Rekha Sebastian (Senior Agriculture Economist), Lorenzo Carrera (Lead Disaster Risk Management Specialist), and Aijaz Ahmad,(Lead PublicPrivate Partnerships Specialist) .  \nOverall guidance was provided by Robert Taliercio (Division Director) and Kyle Kelhofer (Senior Manager) . The report benefited from comments received by global practice managers (Abel Lufafa, Anna Cestari, Anne-Cecile Souhaid, Ashish Khanna, Camilla Holmemo, Jana Kunicova, Johan A. Mistiaen, Lia Sieghart, Madhu Raghunath, Mehnaz S. Safavian, Nazaneen Ismail Ali, Nicolas Perrin, Rachel Bernice Perks, Rifat Hasan, Sandeep Mahajan, Scherezad Joya Monami Latif, Sebnem Erol Madan, Tracey Marie Lane, and Jean-Francois Marteau) .  \nThe report was edited by Marcello Arrigo. The report cover and layout was designed by Legend Design House Ltd. Cover photo credit: [rosn123/bigstockphoto.com](rosn123/bigstockphoto.com)  \n2025 Policy Notes: Transforming Ghana in a Generation | Overview  1  \nTransforming Ghana in a Generation  ","cbCailR7InNvqzOj","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailR7InNvqzOj","pdf",1509834,3,1,23,"English","en",105,"# Overview\n## Recent trends and challenges\n## Governance, social contract, and policy constraints","[{\"question\":\"What key developments shaped Ghana’s outlook after 2021?\",\"answer\":\"Ghana experienced a downturn in economic prospects and stagnation in poverty alleviation, culminating in the 2022 macroeconomic crisis.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the report connect governance to Ghana’s economic cycle?\",\"answer\":\"Persistent governance issues obstruct reforms and structural transformation, contributing to repeated “boom and bust” outcomes and weakened fiscal discipline.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the document say the 2022 crisis was not caused by external events alone?\",\"answer\":\"COVID-19 and the Ukraine invasion are described as factors that exposed an economy already weakened by deep structural vulnerabilities and precarious macroeconomic conditions.\"}]","2025 Policy Notes - 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