[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-153353-en":3,"doc-seo-153353-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":90},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},153353,1099525198933,"Terk","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d",4,"Exam","2023 Study Guide - The Impact of Environment - Romeo and Juliet","2023 Study Guide - The Impact of Environment - Romeo and Juliet examines how environmental forces shape Shakespeare’s portrayal of the lovers and their feuding families. It focuses on heat as a catalyst for impulsive violence and on plague as a disruptive social condition that affects communication and plot outcomes. The guide also supports research into fate versus free will, the origins and persistence of vendettas, definitions of love and hate, community authority and social stratification, competing views of “family,” and the role and timing of Shakespeare’s sonnets.","2023 Study Guide  \nThe Impact of Environment  \nEnvironmental factors impact Shakespeare’s telling of the story of Romeo and Juliet in a couple of important ways. Shakespeare makes a point of telling us several times that it is hot. This is five days in the height of the summer under blistering Italian sunshine, and the youth of Verona, with the short tempers people tend to get on extremely hot days, have nothing to do but pick fights.  \nThe plague also plays an important role. Mercutio, a relative of Prince Escalus who has no direct connection to the feud, uses his dying words to call a plague down on both the Capulets and Montagues. Devastating outbreaks of plague were common in Renaissance Europe, and quarantining entire towns was not unheard of. Shakespeare’s audience had just suffered through an outbreak in London the year before Romeo and Juliet premiered. So it was viscerally meaningful to them to hear that Friar Lawrence’s letter to Romeo explaining Juliet’s plan had not been delivered because the road was closed due to plague in a town ahead.  \nRomeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare  \nWikimedia Commons  \nThe Danvers Long feud  \nIn 1594, a chain of events occurred in England which may have influenced William Shakespeare’s writing of Romeo and Juliet.  \nThat year, the Long Family was furious over a judgement by Sir John Danvers, a local magistrate, which put Sir Walter Long in jail. Following his release, Sir Walter and family set about avenging the insult by provoking brawls in the streets of London, resulting in the death of a Danvers Family servant. Eventually, Danvers challenged Long to a duel, where Long was killed. Danvers took refuge with the Earl of Southampton (to whom Shakespeare had just dedicated two epic poems), who helped him escape to France. Queen Elizabeth forbade Danvers to ever return to England, on pain of death.  \nIn 1595, the year after these events unfolded, William Shakespeare chose to dramatize the ancient story of a feud between two rival families. Coincidence?  \nCobbe portrait of William Shakespeare, Wikipedia  \nWILLIAM SHAKESPEARE  \n• Born around April 23, 1564.  \n• Married Anne Hathaway atthe age of 18. They had three children between 1583 and 1585.  \n• Became an actor and lead playwright for the Lord Chamberlain’s Men, which became the King’s Men when King James I was crowned in 1603.  \n• Wrote 37 plays, 2 epic poems and 154 sonnets over a 25-year career.  \n• Romeo and Juliet was written ca. 1595  \n• Died in his hometown of Stratford-upon-Avon on April 23, 1616.  \n• Buried in Stratford’s Holy Trinity Church.  \nBefore seeing/reading the play  \n1. Research Fortune as the Elizabethans understood it.  \nMake the case that life is governed by fortune or fate. Define free will. Make the case that life is governed by free will. In what way can life be governed by both free will and fortune? This and other websites provide information:  \n[https://www.enotes.com/topics/william-shake](https://www.enotes.com/topics/william-shake) speare/ critical-essays/fate-and-fortune  \n“What’s in a name? That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet.”  \nJuliet, Act II, scene 2  \n2. What is a feud or a vendetta? What are some of the reasons feuds develop? What keeps feuds going for generations? Why is it difficult to end feuds peacefully? How common were feuds in Renaissance Italy? In Elizabethan England? When did feuds become illegal? These and other websites provide information:  \n[www.faculty.umb.edu/gary_zabel/Courses/Phil%20](www.faculty.umb.edu/gary_zabel/Courses/Phil%20)[ ](www.faculty.umb.edu/gary_zabel/Courses/Phil%20)[281b/Philosophy%20of%20Magic/Dante.%20etc/](281b/Philosophy%20of%20Magic/Dante.%20etc/)[ ](281b/Philosophy%20of%20Magic/Dante.%20etc/)[Philosophers/End/bluedot/vendettas.html](Philosophers/End/bluedot/vendettas.html)[ ](Philosophers/End/bluedot/vendettas.html)[http://blog.shakespearesglobe.compost/161054467023/](http://blog.shakespearesglobe.compost/161054467023/)[ ](http://","cbCaigsWdozhB3Zc","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigsWdozhB3Zc","pdf",1050489,1,5,"English","en",105,"# Before seeing/reading the play\n## Research fortune and free will\n## Explore feuds and vendettas\n## Define love and hate\n## Examine authority and social stratification\n## Consider the concept of family\n## Learn about sonnets and Shakespeare’s writing","[{\"question\":\"How does hot weather influence the events in Romeo and Juliet, according to the guide?\",\"answer\":\"The guide explains that Shakespeare emphasizes the heat multiple times, linking it to heightened tempers and more frequent fights among Verona’s youth.\"},{\"question\":\"What role does the plague play in the story’s plot and meaning?\",\"answer\":\"Mercutio’s dying words call for plague, and Friar Lawrence’s letter fails to reach Romeo because a road is closed due to plague in a town ahead, making the delay especially resonant for Shakespeare’s original audience.\"},{\"question\":\"What questions does the guide ask about feuds and how they persist?\",\"answer\":\"It prompts research on what a feud or vendetta is, why they develop, what keeps them going across generations, why they are hard to end peacefully, how common they were in Renaissance Italy and Elizabethan England, and when they became illegal.\"}]","2023 Study Guide - 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