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Topics include data structures (stack vs queue), OOP concepts (inheritance), algorithms (palindrome checks, sorting comparisons, array second-largest, linked-list reversal), operating systems concepts (process vs thread), networking foundations (OSI model, HTTP vs HTTPS, RESTful web services), databases (normalization), and system design basics (virtualization).",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/20-tcs-interview-questions-for-freshers-technical-round/391428/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/20-tcs-interview-questions-for-freshers-technical-round/391428.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Rowan","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-08","2026-09-25",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",21,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What topics are covered in the technical round questions?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The questions cover data structures and algorithms, OOP inheritance, database normalization, process vs thread, OSI model, HTTP vs HTTPS, RESTful web services, and virtualization.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How does a stack differ from a queue in interviews?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"A stack follows LIFO (Last In First Out) by adding/removing from the same end, while a queue follows FIFO (First In First Out) by adding at one end and removing from the other.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What is the key security difference between HTTP and HTTPS?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"HTTP is unsecured, while HTTPS adds encryption using SSL/TLS to prevent eavesdropping and tampering, using port 443 with a valid SSL certificate.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},391428,1790389011,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146,"preview_page_count":4},1099514067415,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/100002539d78ffe74a7?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779092875211072502","20 TCS Interview Questions for Freshers: Technical Round  \nThe technical interview assesses your fundamental knowledge and problem-solving abilities. Here are 20 TCS interview questions for freshers commonly asked in technical rounds:  \nWhat is the difference between a stack and a queue in data structures?  \nA stack follows the LIFO (Last In First Out) principle, where elements are added and removed from the same end. A queue follows the FIFO (First In First Out) principle, where elements are added atone end and removed from the other. Stacks are used in function calls and undo operations, while queues are used in scheduling and breadth-first search algorithms.  \nExplain the concept of inheritance in object-oriented programming.  \nInheritance is a mechanism where a new class (child/derived class) inherits properties and behaviors from an existing class (parent/base class) . This promotes code reusability and establishes an “is-a” relationship. Types include single inheritance (one parent), multiple inheritance (multiple parents), and multilevel inheritance (chain of inheritance) .  \nWrite a program to find out whether a given string is a palindrome.  \nWhat are the different sorting algorithms you know? Compare their time complexities.  \nCommon sorting algorithms include:  \n● Bubble Sort: O(n²) average and worst case  \n● Selection Sort: O(n²) in all cases  \n● Insertion Sort: O(n²) average and worst case, O(n) for nearly sorted data  \n● Merge Sort: O(n log n) in all cases, requires extra space  \n● Quick Sort: O(n log n) average, O(n²) worst case, in-place sorting  \n● Heap Sort: O(n log n) in all cases  \nMerge Sort and Heap Sort offer consistent performance, but Quicksort is often faster in practice despite its worst-case scenario.  \nExplain the concept of normalization in databases.  \nNormalization is the process of organizing database tables to minimize redundancy and dependency. It involves dividing larger tables into smaller ones and defining relationships. The primary standard forms are:  \n● 1NF: Eliminate duplicate columns and create separate tables for related data  \n● 2NF: Meet 1NF requirements and remove partial dependencies  \n● 3NF: Meet 2NF requirements and remove transitive dependencies  \n● BCNF: More stringent version of 3NF  \nNormalization improves data integrity and reduces storage requirements but may impact query performance.  \nWhat is the difference between process and thread?  \nA process is an independent program execution with its own memory space, while threads are subsets of a process that share the same memory space. Processes are isolated and  \nresource-intensive to create/terminate, while threads are lightweight and share resources but require synchronization. Context switching between threads is faster than between processes.  \nExplain the OSI model in networking.  \nThe OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model is a conceptual framework with seven layers:  \n● Physical Layer: Handles raw bit transmission over physical medium  \n● Data Link Layer: Provides node-to-node data transfer and error detection  \n● Network Layer: Manages packet routing across multiple networks  \n● Transport Layer: Ensures complete data transfer and connection management  \n● Session Layer: Establishes, maintains, and terminates connections  \n● Presentation Layer: Translates data between application and network formats  \n● Application Layer: Provides network services to end-user applications Each layer performs specific functions and communicates with adjacent layers.  \nWhat is the difference between [HTTP and](HTTP and) [HTTPS?](HTTPS?)  \n[HTTP](HTTP) (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is an unsecured protocol for web communication, while [HTTPS](HTTPS)  \n( [HTTP Secure](HTTP Secure)) adds encryption using SSL/TLS protocols. [HTTPS encrypts](HTTPS encrypts) data between client and  \nserver, preventing eavesdropping and tampering. It uses port 443 by default (vs. [HTTP](HTTP)’s port 80) and requires a valid SSL certificate. [HTTPS is essent","cbCaivGgdfsObmCK","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivGgdfsObmCK","pdf",1068449,13,"English","# Technical Round Questions\n## Data Structures and Algorithms\n## OOP and Databases\n## OS and Networking\n## Virtualization","[{\"question\":\"What topics are covered in the technical round questions?\",\"answer\":\"The questions cover data structures and algorithms, OOP inheritance, database normalization, process vs thread, OSI model, HTTP vs HTTPS, RESTful web services, and virtualization.\"},{\"question\":\"How does a stack differ from a queue in interviews?\",\"answer\":\"A stack follows LIFO (Last In First Out) by adding/removing from the same end, while a queue follows FIFO (First In First Out) by adding at one end and removing from the other.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the key security difference between HTTP and HTTPS?\",\"answer\":\"HTTP is unsecured, while HTTPS adds encryption using SSL/TLS to prevent eavesdropping and tampering, using port 443 with a valid SSL certificate.\"}]","20 TCS Interview Questions for Freshers - Technical Round | PDF",1790353290,33]