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F. Ashby, “Materials Selection in Mechanical Design” Butterworth Heinemann, 1999\u003Cbr>• The Cambridge Material Selector (CES) software--Granta Design, Cambridge ([www.grantadesign.com](www.grantadesign.com)) |\n\n\n| The evolution of materials | |\n| --- | --- |\n| |  |\n|  |  |\n\n\n| The world of materials \u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>| |\n| --- | --- |\n| \u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>GFRP\u003Cbr>CFRP Composites\u003Cbr>KFRP Plywood\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>Alumina Si-Carbide\u003Cbr>Ceramics, glasses\u003Cbr>Soda-glass Pyrex\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>Steels Cast irons Al-alloys\u003Cbr>Metals Cu-alloys Ni-alloys Ti-alloys |  |\n\n\n| Basic material properties |  |  |  | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Mechanical properties |  |  | Thermal expansion\u003Cbr>The rma l strain ε\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>Temperature, T\u003Cbr>Thermal conduction\u003Cbr> x \u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>Area A  Q joules/sec\u003Cbr>Heat flux, Q/A\u003Cbr>|  |\n| Stress σ Stress σ | \u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>Ductile materials\u003Cbr>Elastic limit,σy\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>Young’s modulus, E\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>Strain ε | \u003Cbr>General\u003Cbr>Weight: Density ρ , Mg/m3\u003Cbr>Expense: Cost/kg Cm, $/kg\u003Cbr>Mechanical\u003Cbr>Stiffness: Young’s modulus E, GPa\u003Cbr>Strength: Elastic limit σy , MPa\u003Cbr>Fracture strength: Tensile strength σts , MPa Brittleness: Fracture toughness Kic , MPa.m1/2\u003Cbr>Thermal\u003Cbr>Expansion: Expansion coeff. α , 1/K\u003Cbr>Conduction: Thermal conductivity λ , W/m.K\u003Cbr>Electrical\u003Cbr>Conductor? Insulator?\u003Cbr>|  |  |\n\n\n| Mechanical properties illustrated |\n| --- |\n| Stiff\u003Cbr> Strong All OK ! Tough\u003Cbr>Light\u003Cbr> Not stiff enough (need bigger E)\u003Cbr> Not strong enough (need bigger σy)\u003Cbr> Not tough enough (need bigger Kic)\u003Cbr> Too heavy (need lower ρ) |\n\n| Materials information for design |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| The goals of design:\u003Cbr>“To create products that perform their function economically, safely, at acceptable cost”What do we need to know about materials in order to do this? |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Data capture |  |  | Statistical analysis |  |  | Selection of Economic analysis\u003Cbr>material and process and business case |  |  |  |  |\n| | | \u003Cbr>Test data |  | | Mechanical Properties\u003Cbr>Bulk Modulus 4.1 - 4.6 GPa\u003Cbr>Compressive Strength 55 - 60 MPa\u003Cbr>Ductility 0.06- 0.07\u003Cbr>Elastic Limit 40 - 45 MPa\u003Cbr>Endurance Limit 24 - 27 MPa Fracture Toughness 2 .3 - 2.6 MPa. m1/2 Hardness 100 - 140 MPa\u003Cbr>Loss Coefficient 0 .009- 0.026 Modulus of Rupture 50 - 55 MPa Poisson's Ratio 0 .38- 0.42 Shear Modulus 0 .85- 0.95 GPa Tensile Strength 45 - 48 MPa Young' s Modulus 2.5 - 2.8 GPa\u003Cbr>Design data |  | | \u003Cbr>Potential applications | \u003Cbr> $\u003Cbr>Real applications\u003Cbr>|  |\n| Characterisation Selection and implementation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n\n\n| The nature of material (or process) data | |\n| --- | --- |\n| Structured data-- Unstructured data-- |  |\n| \u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>Non-specific documentation |  |\n|  |  |\n\n| Data organisation: materials \u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>|  |  |  |  |  | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Kingdom | Family |  | Class & member | Attributes |  |  |\n| \u003Cbr>MATERIAL\u003Cbr>|  | Ceramics\u003Cbr>Glasses Polymers\u003Cbr>Metals\u003Cbr>Elastomers\u003Cbr>Composites Natural\u003Cbr>1000 Steels 2000\u003Cbr>3000 Cu-alloys\u003Cbr>Al-alloys 4000\u003Cbr>Ti-alloys Ni-alloys Zn-alloys\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>5000600070008000\u003Cbr>|  | | |  |\n\n\n| Structured data for ABS |  | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) - (CH2-CH-C6H4)n |  |  |\n| General Properties\u003Cbr>Density 1.05 - 1.07 Mg/m^3\u003Cbr>Price 2.1 - 2.3 USD/kg\u003Cbr>Mechanical Properties\u003Cbr>Bulk Modulus 4.1 - 4.6 GPa\u003Cbr>Compressive Strength 55 - 60 MPa Ductility 0.06 - 0.07\u003Cbr>Elastic Limit 40 - 45 MPa\u003Cbr>Endurance Limit 24 - 27 MPa\u003Cbr>Fracture Toughness 2 .3 -","cbCaioWYetP4G2C1","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaioWYetP4G2C1","pdf",2387021,25,"English","# Outline\n## Materials and their attributes\n## Materials and processes data\n## Exploring relationships: Material Property Charts\n## Matching material to design: Screening and ranking\n## Selection strategies and multi-objective optimisation\n# The evolution of materials\n# The world of materials\n# Basic material properties\n## Mechanical properties\n## Thermal properties\n## Electrical properties\n# Materials information for design\n## The goals of design\n## Data capture and analysis\n## Selection and implementation\n# The nature of material (or process) data\n## Structured data vs unstructured data\n# Data organisation: materials\n# Structured data for ABS\n# Unstructured data for ABS","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of the Ashby Method in materials selection?\",\"answer\":\"It supports choosing materials that meet design goals while considering economics, safety, and acceptable cost. The method organizes data and guides decision-making through charts, screening, and ranking.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the document propose using materials property charts?\",\"answer\":\"Material property charts are used to explore relationships between material attributes and performance needs. This helps identify candidates before deeper evaluation.\"},{\"question\":\"What types of materials data does the document distinguish?\",\"answer\":\"It distinguishes structured data from unstructured data. Structured data lists quantified properties (e.g., density, modulus, conductivity), while unstructured data describes what the material is and how it is used or processed.\"}]","2-Ashby Method - 2.1 - Introduction to Materials Selection | PDF",63]