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Back in London, he started a social experiment to learn about the real conditions of poor people.  \nAfter a period in Paris, he decided to start publishing under the name of George, a common English name, Orwell, a river he liked. In 1936 he went to Catalonia with his wife to report on the Spanish Civil War. In 1938 he was diagnosed tuberculosis and suffered from this disease for the rest of his life.  \nHis most famous works are “Animal Farm” (1945) and “Nineteen Eighty-four” (1949) .  \nHe died in a London hospital in 1950.  \nABOUT THE NOVEL  \nNINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR  \nThis anti-utopian novel describes a 1984 future world divided into three blocks. England is part of the Empire called Oceania, ruled by the Party whose leader is Big Brother.  \nIn order to control the people, the Party has imposed an invented language called Newspeak with a limited number of words and a series of prohibitions to suppress individualism.  \nThe protagonist, Winston Smith, secretly writes his thoughts and memories for future generations, and meets a group of rebels.  \nAt the end of the story Winston is tortured in Room 101. When released, he no longer has an identity.  \nFrom the 1956 film version  \nLiterary Bits  \nBit by Bit-Copyright © EDISCO Editrice-Vietata la vendita e la diffusione  \n1  \nTHE TEXT  \nNEWSPEAK  \nWinston joins a colleague, Syme, for lunch in the Ministry of Truth. Syme is a philologist who is completing the Eleventh Edition of the Newspeak Dictionary.  \n1. ‘How is the Dictionary getting on?’ said Winston, raising his voice to overcome the noise.‘Slowly’, said Syme. ‘I’m on the adjectives. It’s fascinating.’  \nHe had brightened up immediately at the mention of Newspeak. He pushed his pannikin aside, took up his hunk of bread in one delicate hand and his cheese in the other, and leaned across the table so as tobe able to speak without shouting.  \n‘The Eleventh Edition is the definite edition’, he said.‘We’re getting the language into its final shape – the shape it’s going to have when nobody speaks anything else. When we’ve finished with it, people like you will have to learn it all over again. You think, I dare say, that our chief job is inventing new words. But not a bit of it! We’re destroying words – scores of them, hundreds of them, every day. We’re cutting the language down to the bone. The Eleventh Edition won’t contain a single word that will become obsolete before the year 2050.’  \n2. ‘It’s a beautiful thing, the destruction of words. Of course the great wastage is in the verbs and adjectives, but there are hundreds of nouns that can be got rid of as well. It isn’t only the synonyms; there are the antonyms. After all, what justification is there for a word which is simply the opposite of some other word? A word contains its opposite in itself. Take “good” for instance. If you have a word like “good”, what need is there for a word like “bad”?“Ungood” will do just as well – better, because it’s an exact opposite, which the other is not. Or again, if you want a stronger version of “good”, what sense is there in having a whole string of vague useless words like “excellent” and “splendid” and all the rest of them?“Plusgood”covers the meaning, or “doubleplusgood” if you want something stronger still. Of course we use those forms already but in the final version of Newspeak there’ll be nothing else. In the end the whole notion of goodness and badness will be covered by only six words – in reality, only one word. Don’t you see the beauty of that, Winston? It was B.B.’s idea originally, of course, he added as an afterthought.  \nA sort of vapid eagerness flitted across Winston","cbCaikVXMoOfB9ST","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikVXMoOfB9ST","pdf",992703,"English","# ABOUT THE AUTHOR\n# ABOUT THE NOVEL\n## THE TEXT\n### NEWSPEAK","[{\"question\":\"Who was George Orwell, according to the document?\",\"answer\":\"George Orwell is presented as the pseudonym of Eric Arthur Blair, born in India in 1903 and educated in England at Eton, where he began developing socialist ideas.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the Party control people in “Nineteen Eighty-four”?\",\"answer\":\"The document explains that the Party controls people by imposing Newspeak, an invented language with limited words and prohibitions meant to suppress individualism.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the role of Winston Smith in the story?\",\"answer\":\"Winston Smith secretly writes his thoughts and memories for future generations, meets rebels, and is ultimately tortured in Room 101, after which he no longer has an identity.\"}]","1984 - ABOUT THE AUTHOR - ABOUT THE NOVEL | PDF",1790866278]