[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-657781-105":59,"doc-detail-657781-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","19-dbgendariplates","19 - DBgendariPlates","","Ocean floor mapping using satellite radar instruments reveals how divergent plate boundaries dominate Earth’s dynamic systems. Midoceanic ridges and oceanic rift valleys explain active volcanism, hydrothermal circulation, crustal spreading, and shallow earthquakes. The text outlines major concepts including lithospheric separation, oceanic ridge structure, spreading-rate controls, layered oceanic crust, and basaltic magmatism from mantle decompression. It also describes continental rifting as a progression toward new ocean basins and continental margins.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/19-dbgendariplates/657781/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/19-dbgendariplates/657781.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Danger Angel","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-26",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What defines divergent plate boundaries according to the document?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Divergent plate boundaries are zones where lithospheric plates move apart, driven by tensional stresses that form long rift zones, normal faults, and basaltic volcanism.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How do oceanic ridges relate to volcanic activity and earthquakes?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Oceanic ridges mark divergent boundaries in ocean basins and concentrate basaltic volcanism and shallow earthquakes along the rift zone at the ridge crest.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What sequence does continental rifting follow as described here?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The document explains that divergent plate margins develop within continents, creating new continental margins and normal faults. These evolve as the margins subside and become buried beneath thick shallow-marine sediment layers, progressing toward seafloor formation.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},657781,1793020327,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962090769052,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","19  DBgendariPlates   \nAlthough we have studied the ocean and used its resources for thousands of years, until now the details of the ocean floor have remained mysterious. Using sophisticated radar instruments carried by satellites, we have constructed for the first time accurate maps of the ocean floor that reveal the dominant role played by divergent plate boundaries among Earth’s dynamic systems.  \nThe ocean ridge is part of the global system of divergent plate boundaries that encircles the planet. High mountainous ridges coincide with these boundaries and extend through all of the ocean basins in a nearly continuous seam that is tens of thousands of kilometers long. Oceanic ridges are the sites of the most active volcanism on Earth. Occasionally, the rift valleys become boiling cauldrons when basalt, fresh from the mantle, erupts from long fissures onto the ocean floor. The volcanic rocks of the high ridge are so hot and porous that seawater easily circulates through the crust. Where the water exits, dense plumes of hot  \nwater belch from fragile chimneys that rise as high as skyscrapers. Here the crust is so active that its movement away from the ridge can be measured in centimeters per year.  \nThe panorama above shows the oceanic ridge where it rises above sea level in Iceland. The entire area is built of floods of young basalt cut by a shallow rift valley extending through the center. A shallow lake partially fills the graben. The long linear fissures formed during rifting between volcanic episodes. Shallow earthquakes rattle the country during volcanic eruptions and rifting episodes. The road snakes its way from the high rift flank across a tensional fracture and onto the floor of the broad rift valley. In fact, tour buses, like the one on the road, can take visitors from the North American plate, on the right, across the rift to the Eurasian plate on the left.  \nThroughout Earth’s long history, the geologic processes operating at divergent plate boundaries have been among the most fundamental forces that shaped our world. It is at divergent plate boundaries that continents split and move apart, creating new continental margins, many of which contain valuable resources such as petroleum, natural gas, and salt. In this chapter, we examine these divergent plate boundaries as parts of Earth’s plate tectonic system. We first study the role they play in the formation of oceanic crust and then explore how they form when continents split and move apart to form new ocean basins.  \nPhotograph by Motomaro Shirao.  \nMAJOR CONCEPTS  \n1. Divergent plate boundaries are zones where lithospheric plates move apart from one another. They are characterized by tensional stresses that typically produce long rift zones, normal faults, and basaltic volcanism.  \n2. An oceanic ridge marks divergent plate boundaries in the ocean basins. It is a broad, fractured swell with a total length of about 70,000 km. Basaltic volcanism and shallow earthquakes are concentrated along the rift zone at the ridge crest.  \n3. The ridge’s characteristics depend upon the spreading rate. As oceanic lithosphere moves away from the ridge, it cools, becomes thicker and denser, and subsides.  \n4. Oceanic crust is generated at divergent plate boundaries and is composed of four major layers: (a) deep marine sediment,(b) pillow basalts,(c) sheeted dikes, and (d) gabbro. Below the crust lies a zone of sheared peridotite in the upper mantle.  \n5. At divergent plate boundaries, basaltic magmatism results from decompression melting of the mantle. The magma then collects into elongate chambers beneath the ridge, and some is intruded as dikes or extruded along the rift zone.  \n6. Seawater is heated as it circulates through the hot crust and causes extensive metamorphism. Locally, the hydrothermal fluids produce hot springs on the seafloor.  \n7. Continental rifting occurs where divergent plate margins develop within continents. The East African Rift, the Red Sea, and the Atlant","cbCairRjiAAScDgn","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairRjiAAScDgn","pdf",6732136,38,"English","# Divergent Plate Boundaries\n## Ocean Ridge and Rift Valley Processes\n## Major Concepts\n## Midoceanic Ridges and Oceanic Crust Formation","[{\"question\":\"What defines divergent plate boundaries according to the document?\",\"answer\":\"Divergent plate boundaries are zones where lithospheric plates move apart, driven by tensional stresses that form long rift zones, normal faults, and basaltic volcanism.\"},{\"question\":\"How do oceanic ridges relate to volcanic activity and earthquakes?\",\"answer\":\"Oceanic ridges mark divergent boundaries in ocean basins and concentrate basaltic volcanism and shallow earthquakes along the rift zone at the ridge crest.\"},{\"question\":\"What sequence does continental rifting follow as described here?\",\"answer\":\"The document explains that divergent plate margins develop within continents, creating new continental margins and normal faults. These evolve as the margins subside and become buried beneath thick shallow-marine sediment layers, progressing toward seafloor formation.\"}]","19 - DBgendariPlates | PDF",1792988857,96]